Multiple Wheat Genomes Reveal Novel Gli-2 Sublocus Location and Variation of Celiac Disease Epitopes in Duplicated α-Gliadin Genes
The seed protein α-gliadin is a major component of wheat flour and causes gluten-related diseases. However, due to the complexity of this multigene family with a genome structure composed of dozens of copies derived from tandem and genome duplications, little was known about the variation between ac...
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doaj-173d57b37aef41d9a5a60a8f029e30022021-09-04T10:43:46ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2021-09-011210.3389/fpls.2021.715985715985Multiple Wheat Genomes Reveal Novel Gli-2 Sublocus Location and Variation of Celiac Disease Epitopes in Duplicated α-Gliadin GenesGwyneth Halstead-Nussloch0Tsuyoshi Tanaka1Tsuyoshi Tanaka2Dario Copetti3Dario Copetti4Timothy Paape5Timothy Paape6Fuminori Kobayashi7Masaomi Hatakeyama8Masaomi Hatakeyama9Hiroyuki Kanamori10Jianzhong Wu11Martin Mascher12Martin Mascher13Kanako Kawaura14Kentaro K. Shimizu15Kentaro K. Shimizu16Hirokazu Handa17Hirokazu Handa18Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandInstitute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, JapanResearch Center for Advanced Analysis, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, JapanDepartment of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandMolecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, SwitzerlandDepartment of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandBrookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United StatesInstitute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, JapanDepartment of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandFunctional Genomics Center Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandInstitute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, JapanInstitute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, JapanLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, GermanyGerman Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyKihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, JapanDepartment of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandKihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, JapanInstitute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan0Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, JapanThe seed protein α-gliadin is a major component of wheat flour and causes gluten-related diseases. However, due to the complexity of this multigene family with a genome structure composed of dozens of copies derived from tandem and genome duplications, little was known about the variation between accessions, and thus little effort has been made to explicitly target α-gliadin for bread wheat breeding. Here, we analyzed genomic variation in α-gliadins across 11 recently published chromosome-scale assemblies of hexaploid wheat, with validation using long-read data. We unexpectedly found that the Gli-B2 locus is not a single contiguous locus but is composed of two subloci, suggesting the possibility of recombination between the two during breeding. We confirmed that the number of immunogenic epitopes among 11 accessions varied. The D subgenome of a European spelt line also contained epitopes, in agreement with its hybridization history. Evolutionary analysis identified amino acid sites under diversifying selection, suggesting their functional importance. The analysis opens the way for improved grain quality and safety through wheat breeding.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.715985/fullα-gliadinceliac disease epitopescopy number variationGli-2 lociwheat (Triticum aestivum L.) |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Gwyneth Halstead-Nussloch Tsuyoshi Tanaka Tsuyoshi Tanaka Dario Copetti Dario Copetti Timothy Paape Timothy Paape Fuminori Kobayashi Masaomi Hatakeyama Masaomi Hatakeyama Hiroyuki Kanamori Jianzhong Wu Martin Mascher Martin Mascher Kanako Kawaura Kentaro K. Shimizu Kentaro K. Shimizu Hirokazu Handa Hirokazu Handa |
spellingShingle |
Gwyneth Halstead-Nussloch Tsuyoshi Tanaka Tsuyoshi Tanaka Dario Copetti Dario Copetti Timothy Paape Timothy Paape Fuminori Kobayashi Masaomi Hatakeyama Masaomi Hatakeyama Hiroyuki Kanamori Jianzhong Wu Martin Mascher Martin Mascher Kanako Kawaura Kentaro K. Shimizu Kentaro K. Shimizu Hirokazu Handa Hirokazu Handa Multiple Wheat Genomes Reveal Novel Gli-2 Sublocus Location and Variation of Celiac Disease Epitopes in Duplicated α-Gliadin Genes Frontiers in Plant Science α-gliadin celiac disease epitopes copy number variation Gli-2 loci wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) |
author_facet |
Gwyneth Halstead-Nussloch Tsuyoshi Tanaka Tsuyoshi Tanaka Dario Copetti Dario Copetti Timothy Paape Timothy Paape Fuminori Kobayashi Masaomi Hatakeyama Masaomi Hatakeyama Hiroyuki Kanamori Jianzhong Wu Martin Mascher Martin Mascher Kanako Kawaura Kentaro K. Shimizu Kentaro K. Shimizu Hirokazu Handa Hirokazu Handa |
author_sort |
Gwyneth Halstead-Nussloch |
title |
Multiple Wheat Genomes Reveal Novel Gli-2 Sublocus Location and Variation of Celiac Disease Epitopes in Duplicated α-Gliadin Genes |
title_short |
Multiple Wheat Genomes Reveal Novel Gli-2 Sublocus Location and Variation of Celiac Disease Epitopes in Duplicated α-Gliadin Genes |
title_full |
Multiple Wheat Genomes Reveal Novel Gli-2 Sublocus Location and Variation of Celiac Disease Epitopes in Duplicated α-Gliadin Genes |
title_fullStr |
Multiple Wheat Genomes Reveal Novel Gli-2 Sublocus Location and Variation of Celiac Disease Epitopes in Duplicated α-Gliadin Genes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Multiple Wheat Genomes Reveal Novel Gli-2 Sublocus Location and Variation of Celiac Disease Epitopes in Duplicated α-Gliadin Genes |
title_sort |
multiple wheat genomes reveal novel gli-2 sublocus location and variation of celiac disease epitopes in duplicated α-gliadin genes |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Plant Science |
issn |
1664-462X |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
The seed protein α-gliadin is a major component of wheat flour and causes gluten-related diseases. However, due to the complexity of this multigene family with a genome structure composed of dozens of copies derived from tandem and genome duplications, little was known about the variation between accessions, and thus little effort has been made to explicitly target α-gliadin for bread wheat breeding. Here, we analyzed genomic variation in α-gliadins across 11 recently published chromosome-scale assemblies of hexaploid wheat, with validation using long-read data. We unexpectedly found that the Gli-B2 locus is not a single contiguous locus but is composed of two subloci, suggesting the possibility of recombination between the two during breeding. We confirmed that the number of immunogenic epitopes among 11 accessions varied. The D subgenome of a European spelt line also contained epitopes, in agreement with its hybridization history. Evolutionary analysis identified amino acid sites under diversifying selection, suggesting their functional importance. The analysis opens the way for improved grain quality and safety through wheat breeding. |
topic |
α-gliadin celiac disease epitopes copy number variation Gli-2 loci wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.715985/full |
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