Monitoring of the Organophosphate Pesticide Chlorpyrifos in Vegetable Samples from Local Markets in Northern Thailand by Developed Immunoassay
Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate pesticide that is wildly used among farmers for crop protection. However, there are concerns regarding its contamination in the environment and food chain. In the present study, an in-house indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) specific...
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doaj-175827af78ce4bc5b6a7025075ab95732020-11-25T02:18:32ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1661-78271660-46012020-06-01174723472310.3390/ijerph17134723Monitoring of the Organophosphate Pesticide Chlorpyrifos in Vegetable Samples from Local Markets in Northern Thailand by Developed ImmunoassaySurat Hongsibsong0Tippawan Prapamontol1Ting Xu2Bruce D. Hammock3Hong Wang4Zi-Jian Chen5Zhen-Lin Xu6Research Institute for Health Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandResearch Institute for Health Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandBeijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaDepartment of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USAGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaChlorpyrifos is an organophosphate pesticide that is wildly used among farmers for crop protection. However, there are concerns regarding its contamination in the environment and food chain. In the present study, an in-house indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) specific for detecting chlorpyrifos is developed and validated against gas chromatography–flame photometric detection (GC-FPD) as the conventional method. The developed ic-ELISA was used for detecting chlorpyrifos residue in vegetable samples. The developed ic-ELISA showed good sensitivity to chlorpyrifos at an IC<sub>50</sub> of 0.80 µg/kg, with low cross-reactivity to other organophosphate pesticides. The 160 samples were collected from local markets located in the Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, and Nan provinces in northern Thailand. The positive rate of chlorpyrifos residues in the vegetable samples was 33.8%, with the highest levels found in cucumbers, coriander, and morning glory, at 275, 145, and 35.3 µg/kg, respectively. The highest median levels of chlorpyrifos found in the detected samples were Chinese cabbage (332 μg/kg), cucumber (146.3 μg/kg) and Chinese Kale (26.95 μg/kg). The developed ic-ELISA is suitable for the rapid quantitation of chlorpyrifos residues.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/13/4723chlorpyrifos residueic-ELISAGC-FPDnorthern Thailand |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Surat Hongsibsong Tippawan Prapamontol Ting Xu Bruce D. Hammock Hong Wang Zi-Jian Chen Zhen-Lin Xu |
spellingShingle |
Surat Hongsibsong Tippawan Prapamontol Ting Xu Bruce D. Hammock Hong Wang Zi-Jian Chen Zhen-Lin Xu Monitoring of the Organophosphate Pesticide Chlorpyrifos in Vegetable Samples from Local Markets in Northern Thailand by Developed Immunoassay International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health chlorpyrifos residue ic-ELISA GC-FPD northern Thailand |
author_facet |
Surat Hongsibsong Tippawan Prapamontol Ting Xu Bruce D. Hammock Hong Wang Zi-Jian Chen Zhen-Lin Xu |
author_sort |
Surat Hongsibsong |
title |
Monitoring of the Organophosphate Pesticide Chlorpyrifos in Vegetable Samples from Local Markets in Northern Thailand by Developed Immunoassay |
title_short |
Monitoring of the Organophosphate Pesticide Chlorpyrifos in Vegetable Samples from Local Markets in Northern Thailand by Developed Immunoassay |
title_full |
Monitoring of the Organophosphate Pesticide Chlorpyrifos in Vegetable Samples from Local Markets in Northern Thailand by Developed Immunoassay |
title_fullStr |
Monitoring of the Organophosphate Pesticide Chlorpyrifos in Vegetable Samples from Local Markets in Northern Thailand by Developed Immunoassay |
title_full_unstemmed |
Monitoring of the Organophosphate Pesticide Chlorpyrifos in Vegetable Samples from Local Markets in Northern Thailand by Developed Immunoassay |
title_sort |
monitoring of the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos in vegetable samples from local markets in northern thailand by developed immunoassay |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1661-7827 1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2020-06-01 |
description |
Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate pesticide that is wildly used among farmers for crop protection. However, there are concerns regarding its contamination in the environment and food chain. In the present study, an in-house indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) specific for detecting chlorpyrifos is developed and validated against gas chromatography–flame photometric detection (GC-FPD) as the conventional method. The developed ic-ELISA was used for detecting chlorpyrifos residue in vegetable samples. The developed ic-ELISA showed good sensitivity to chlorpyrifos at an IC<sub>50</sub> of 0.80 µg/kg, with low cross-reactivity to other organophosphate pesticides. The 160 samples were collected from local markets located in the Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, and Nan provinces in northern Thailand. The positive rate of chlorpyrifos residues in the vegetable samples was 33.8%, with the highest levels found in cucumbers, coriander, and morning glory, at 275, 145, and 35.3 µg/kg, respectively. The highest median levels of chlorpyrifos found in the detected samples were Chinese cabbage (332 μg/kg), cucumber (146.3 μg/kg) and Chinese Kale (26.95 μg/kg). The developed ic-ELISA is suitable for the rapid quantitation of chlorpyrifos residues. |
topic |
chlorpyrifos residue ic-ELISA GC-FPD northern Thailand |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/13/4723 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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