Population-based estimates of the effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination in Australia
ABSTRACT Objectives Australia’s Childhood Immunisation Register (ACIR) is one of only a handful of national immunisation registers world-wide. We have, for the first time, linked the ACIR to other health datasets to measure the real-world impact of Australia’s immunisation program. In this study, w...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Swansea University
2017-04-01
|
Series: | International Journal of Population Data Science |
Online Access: | https://ijpds.org/article/view/221 |
id |
doaj-179f527b435f4ae2add2832ffe6558d2 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-179f527b435f4ae2add2832ffe6558d22020-11-24T22:44:45ZengSwansea UniversityInternational Journal of Population Data Science2399-49082017-04-011110.23889/ijpds.v1i1.221221Population-based estimates of the effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination in AustraliaHeather Gidding0Hannah Moore1Lisa McCallum2Parveen Fathima3Thomas Snelling4Nicholas de Klerk5Peter McIntyre6University of NSW & National Centre for Immunisation Research and SurveillanceTelethon Kids InstituteUniversity of NSWTelethon Kids InstituteTelethon Kids InstituteTelethon Kids InstituteNational Centre for Immunisation Research and SurveillanceABSTRACT Objectives Australia’s Childhood Immunisation Register (ACIR) is one of only a handful of national immunisation registers world-wide. We have, for the first time, linked the ACIR to other health datasets to measure the real-world impact of Australia’s immunisation program. In this study, we aimed to assess the population-based effectiveness of the 3-dose infant pneumococcal vaccination program (due at 2, 4, and 6 months) against invasive pneumococcal disease caused by the 7 vaccine specific serotypes. The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) has been available since 2001 and a funded universal program started in 2005 (with a switch to 13-valent PCV in 2011). Approach Vaccination records from ACIR, death records, and invasive pneumococcal disease notifications for 2001-2013 were individually linked for 1.37 million children born in 2001-2012 in two Australian states (Western Australia and New South Wales). A Cox proportional hazards model (adjusting for sex, Indigenous status and year of birth) was used to estimate the hazard ratio for invasive pneumococcal disease in vaccinated compared to unvaccinated children less than 2 years old. The per cent of disease prevented by vaccination, or vaccine effectiveness, was calculated as (1-adjusted hazard ratio) x 100%. Results From 2005, vaccination coverage with dose 3 of the pneumococcal vaccine was steady at ~91% in eligible cohorts. Between 2001 and 2013, there were 468 notifications of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by the 7 vaccine specific serotypes during 2.66 million person years of observation; only 39 (8.3%) of these cases occurred after the universal program was implemented. Vaccine effectiveness against invasive pneumococcal disease caused by the 7 vaccine specific serotypes for 1, 2 and 3 doses of the pneumococcal vaccine was 68% (95%CI: 44-89%), 93% (81-97%), and 92% (95%CI: 86-93%), respectively. Conclusion This is the first study to link Australia’s national immunisation register and measure population-based vaccine effectiveness. The study provides robust evidence of the effectiveness of at least 2 doses of pneumococcal vaccine against vaccine serotype specific infection using a 3 dose infant schedule.https://ijpds.org/article/view/221 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Heather Gidding Hannah Moore Lisa McCallum Parveen Fathima Thomas Snelling Nicholas de Klerk Peter McIntyre |
spellingShingle |
Heather Gidding Hannah Moore Lisa McCallum Parveen Fathima Thomas Snelling Nicholas de Klerk Peter McIntyre Population-based estimates of the effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination in Australia International Journal of Population Data Science |
author_facet |
Heather Gidding Hannah Moore Lisa McCallum Parveen Fathima Thomas Snelling Nicholas de Klerk Peter McIntyre |
author_sort |
Heather Gidding |
title |
Population-based estimates of the effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination in Australia |
title_short |
Population-based estimates of the effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination in Australia |
title_full |
Population-based estimates of the effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination in Australia |
title_fullStr |
Population-based estimates of the effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination in Australia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Population-based estimates of the effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination in Australia |
title_sort |
population-based estimates of the effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination in australia |
publisher |
Swansea University |
series |
International Journal of Population Data Science |
issn |
2399-4908 |
publishDate |
2017-04-01 |
description |
ABSTRACT
Objectives
Australia’s Childhood Immunisation Register (ACIR) is one of only a handful of national immunisation registers world-wide. We have, for the first time, linked the ACIR to other health datasets to measure the real-world impact of Australia’s immunisation program. In this study, we aimed to assess the population-based effectiveness of the 3-dose infant pneumococcal vaccination program (due at 2, 4, and 6 months) against invasive pneumococcal disease caused by the 7 vaccine specific serotypes. The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) has been available since 2001 and a funded universal program started in 2005 (with a switch to 13-valent PCV in 2011).
Approach
Vaccination records from ACIR, death records, and invasive pneumococcal disease notifications for 2001-2013 were individually linked for 1.37 million children born in 2001-2012 in two Australian states (Western Australia and New South Wales). A Cox proportional hazards model (adjusting for sex, Indigenous status and year of birth) was used to estimate the hazard ratio for invasive pneumococcal disease in vaccinated compared to unvaccinated children less than 2 years old. The per cent of disease prevented by vaccination, or vaccine effectiveness, was calculated as (1-adjusted hazard ratio) x 100%.
Results
From 2005, vaccination coverage with dose 3 of the pneumococcal vaccine was steady at ~91% in eligible cohorts. Between 2001 and 2013, there were 468 notifications of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by the 7 vaccine specific serotypes during 2.66 million person years of observation; only 39 (8.3%) of these cases occurred after the universal program was implemented. Vaccine effectiveness against invasive pneumococcal disease caused by the 7 vaccine specific serotypes for 1, 2 and 3 doses of the pneumococcal vaccine was 68% (95%CI: 44-89%), 93% (81-97%), and 92% (95%CI: 86-93%), respectively.
Conclusion
This is the first study to link Australia’s national immunisation register and measure population-based vaccine effectiveness. The study provides robust evidence of the effectiveness of at least 2 doses of pneumococcal vaccine against vaccine serotype specific infection using a 3 dose infant schedule. |
url |
https://ijpds.org/article/view/221 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT heathergidding populationbasedestimatesoftheeffectivenessofpneumococcalvaccinationinaustralia AT hannahmoore populationbasedestimatesoftheeffectivenessofpneumococcalvaccinationinaustralia AT lisamccallum populationbasedestimatesoftheeffectivenessofpneumococcalvaccinationinaustralia AT parveenfathima populationbasedestimatesoftheeffectivenessofpneumococcalvaccinationinaustralia AT thomassnelling populationbasedestimatesoftheeffectivenessofpneumococcalvaccinationinaustralia AT nicholasdeklerk populationbasedestimatesoftheeffectivenessofpneumococcalvaccinationinaustralia AT petermcintyre populationbasedestimatesoftheeffectivenessofpneumococcalvaccinationinaustralia |
_version_ |
1725690624102891520 |