Olfactory impairment in first-episode schizophrenia: a case-control study, and sex dimorphism in the relationship between olfactory impairment and psychotic symptoms
Abstract Background A body of studies has focused on the olfactory impairment among people with schizophrenia. The effect of sex on this relationship has attracted the attention of researchers. These issues have not been studied much in Chinese schizophrenia patients. Methods We conducted a case-con...
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doaj-18157e1740924fc5a012f6ca8f5966702020-11-24T22:09:20ZengBMCBMC Psychiatry1471-244X2018-06-011811710.1186/s12888-018-1786-8Olfactory impairment in first-episode schizophrenia: a case-control study, and sex dimorphism in the relationship between olfactory impairment and psychotic symptomsXiacan Chen0Jiajun Xu1Bin Li2Wanjun Guo3Jun Zhang4Junmei Hu5West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan UniversityMental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityMental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityMental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityMental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityWest China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan UniversityAbstract Background A body of studies has focused on the olfactory impairment among people with schizophrenia. The effect of sex on this relationship has attracted the attention of researchers. These issues have not been studied much in Chinese schizophrenia patients. Methods We conducted a case-control study of 110 first-episode antipsychotic medicine naïve schizophrenia patients aged 18–35 years and 110 controls, matched by age and sex. Odour threshold, discrimination and identification were assessed by the “Sniffin’ Sticks” test. Psychotic symptoms were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results The odour threshold, discrimination and identification scores of patients with schizophrenia were significantly lower than those of the healthy control group. The difference in identification score had statistical significance between male and female patients with schizophrenia (t = − 2.45, P < 0.05). Controlling for confounding factor, in male schizophrenia participants, the negative subscale score was significantly and inversely correlated with the discrimination (γ = − 0.37, p < 0.008), identification (γ = − 0.45, p < 0.008) and TDI (γ = − 0.50, p < 0.008) scores; the general psychopathology subscale score was inversely and significantly correlated with the identification (γ = − 0.47, p < 0.008) and TDI (γ = − 0.41, p < 0.008) scores. For female schizophrenia patients, positive and general psychopathology subscale scores had a significant inverse correlation with the identification score (positive: γ = − 0.47, p < 0.008; general psychopathology: γ = − 0.42, p < 0.008). Conclusions Controlling for confounder, negative symptoms were related to impaired odour discrimination and identification in male schizophrenia patients, while positive symptoms were correlated with impaired odour identification in female schizophrenia patients. This sex dimorphism could provide useful information for future studies aiming to finding biomarkers of schizophrenia.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12888-018-1786-8SchizophreniaOlfactionSexNegative symptomPositive symptom |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Xiacan Chen Jiajun Xu Bin Li Wanjun Guo Jun Zhang Junmei Hu |
spellingShingle |
Xiacan Chen Jiajun Xu Bin Li Wanjun Guo Jun Zhang Junmei Hu Olfactory impairment in first-episode schizophrenia: a case-control study, and sex dimorphism in the relationship between olfactory impairment and psychotic symptoms BMC Psychiatry Schizophrenia Olfaction Sex Negative symptom Positive symptom |
author_facet |
Xiacan Chen Jiajun Xu Bin Li Wanjun Guo Jun Zhang Junmei Hu |
author_sort |
Xiacan Chen |
title |
Olfactory impairment in first-episode schizophrenia: a case-control study, and sex dimorphism in the relationship between olfactory impairment and psychotic symptoms |
title_short |
Olfactory impairment in first-episode schizophrenia: a case-control study, and sex dimorphism in the relationship between olfactory impairment and psychotic symptoms |
title_full |
Olfactory impairment in first-episode schizophrenia: a case-control study, and sex dimorphism in the relationship between olfactory impairment and psychotic symptoms |
title_fullStr |
Olfactory impairment in first-episode schizophrenia: a case-control study, and sex dimorphism in the relationship between olfactory impairment and psychotic symptoms |
title_full_unstemmed |
Olfactory impairment in first-episode schizophrenia: a case-control study, and sex dimorphism in the relationship between olfactory impairment and psychotic symptoms |
title_sort |
olfactory impairment in first-episode schizophrenia: a case-control study, and sex dimorphism in the relationship between olfactory impairment and psychotic symptoms |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
BMC Psychiatry |
issn |
1471-244X |
publishDate |
2018-06-01 |
description |
Abstract Background A body of studies has focused on the olfactory impairment among people with schizophrenia. The effect of sex on this relationship has attracted the attention of researchers. These issues have not been studied much in Chinese schizophrenia patients. Methods We conducted a case-control study of 110 first-episode antipsychotic medicine naïve schizophrenia patients aged 18–35 years and 110 controls, matched by age and sex. Odour threshold, discrimination and identification were assessed by the “Sniffin’ Sticks” test. Psychotic symptoms were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results The odour threshold, discrimination and identification scores of patients with schizophrenia were significantly lower than those of the healthy control group. The difference in identification score had statistical significance between male and female patients with schizophrenia (t = − 2.45, P < 0.05). Controlling for confounding factor, in male schizophrenia participants, the negative subscale score was significantly and inversely correlated with the discrimination (γ = − 0.37, p < 0.008), identification (γ = − 0.45, p < 0.008) and TDI (γ = − 0.50, p < 0.008) scores; the general psychopathology subscale score was inversely and significantly correlated with the identification (γ = − 0.47, p < 0.008) and TDI (γ = − 0.41, p < 0.008) scores. For female schizophrenia patients, positive and general psychopathology subscale scores had a significant inverse correlation with the identification score (positive: γ = − 0.47, p < 0.008; general psychopathology: γ = − 0.42, p < 0.008). Conclusions Controlling for confounder, negative symptoms were related to impaired odour discrimination and identification in male schizophrenia patients, while positive symptoms were correlated with impaired odour identification in female schizophrenia patients. This sex dimorphism could provide useful information for future studies aiming to finding biomarkers of schizophrenia. |
topic |
Schizophrenia Olfaction Sex Negative symptom Positive symptom |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12888-018-1786-8 |
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