Socioeconomic hardship and delayed reward discounting: Associations with working memory and emotional reactivity
Prolonged exposure to socioeconomic hardship (SH) is associated with greater delayed reward discounting (DRD), a form of impulsive decision-making that reflects a reduced capacity to delay gratification and a significant correlate of diverse risk behaviors, but the neurobehavioral mechanisms linking...
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doaj-187cae66d890445eb22e0162bb9de4482020-11-25T02:30:15ZengElsevierDevelopmental Cognitive Neuroscience1878-92932019-06-0137Socioeconomic hardship and delayed reward discounting: Associations with working memory and emotional reactivityAssaf Oshri0Emily Hallowell1Sihong Liu2James MacKillop3Adriana Galvan4Steven M. Kogan5Lawrence H. Sweet6Department of Human Development and Family Science, The Youth Development Institute, University of Georgia, 123 Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Dr., Athens, GA, 30602, Greece; Corresponding author at: Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, 123 Dawson Hall, Athens, GA, 30602, Greece.Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin Street, Athens, GA, 30602, GreeceDepartment of Human Development and Family Science, The Youth Development Institute, University of Georgia, 123 Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Dr., Athens, GA, 30602, GreecePeter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3K7, CanadaDepartment of Psychology, University of California in Los Angeles Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United StatesDepartment of Human Development and Family Science, The Youth Development Institute, University of Georgia, 123 Dawson Hall, 305 Sanford Dr., Athens, GA, 30602, GreeceDepartment of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin Street, Athens, GA, 30602, GreeceProlonged exposure to socioeconomic hardship (SH) is associated with greater delayed reward discounting (DRD), a form of impulsive decision-making that reflects a reduced capacity to delay gratification and a significant correlate of diverse risk behaviors, but the neurobehavioral mechanisms linking SH and DRD are unknown. An emerging hypothesis suggests that cognitive and affective stress associated with poverty may tax neurocognitive functions, such as working memory (WM), and lead to impulsive DRD. Furthermore, research suggests that emotional reactivity (ER) is an important dispositional factor to consider in the link between executive functions and DRD. Thus, we longitudinally examined the indirect effect of SH on impulsive DRD via a network of brain regions associated with WM function in a sample of young adults, and whether that link was moderated by ER. Participants were 119 rural African Americans (aged 19–24 years) assessed behaviorally on four occasions, with fMRI at the last time point. Results showed that, among emerging adults with higher ER, SH severity was predictive of increased DRD via reduced response in brain regions activated during an n-back WM task. These findings reveal both the cognitive and affective mechanisms that underlie the relationship between SH and DRD. Keywords: Socioeconomic hardship, Decision-making, Delayed reward discounting, Working memory, Emotional reactivity, Poverty, Early life stresshttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878929318302445 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Assaf Oshri Emily Hallowell Sihong Liu James MacKillop Adriana Galvan Steven M. Kogan Lawrence H. Sweet |
spellingShingle |
Assaf Oshri Emily Hallowell Sihong Liu James MacKillop Adriana Galvan Steven M. Kogan Lawrence H. Sweet Socioeconomic hardship and delayed reward discounting: Associations with working memory and emotional reactivity Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience |
author_facet |
Assaf Oshri Emily Hallowell Sihong Liu James MacKillop Adriana Galvan Steven M. Kogan Lawrence H. Sweet |
author_sort |
Assaf Oshri |
title |
Socioeconomic hardship and delayed reward discounting: Associations with working memory and emotional reactivity |
title_short |
Socioeconomic hardship and delayed reward discounting: Associations with working memory and emotional reactivity |
title_full |
Socioeconomic hardship and delayed reward discounting: Associations with working memory and emotional reactivity |
title_fullStr |
Socioeconomic hardship and delayed reward discounting: Associations with working memory and emotional reactivity |
title_full_unstemmed |
Socioeconomic hardship and delayed reward discounting: Associations with working memory and emotional reactivity |
title_sort |
socioeconomic hardship and delayed reward discounting: associations with working memory and emotional reactivity |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience |
issn |
1878-9293 |
publishDate |
2019-06-01 |
description |
Prolonged exposure to socioeconomic hardship (SH) is associated with greater delayed reward discounting (DRD), a form of impulsive decision-making that reflects a reduced capacity to delay gratification and a significant correlate of diverse risk behaviors, but the neurobehavioral mechanisms linking SH and DRD are unknown. An emerging hypothesis suggests that cognitive and affective stress associated with poverty may tax neurocognitive functions, such as working memory (WM), and lead to impulsive DRD. Furthermore, research suggests that emotional reactivity (ER) is an important dispositional factor to consider in the link between executive functions and DRD. Thus, we longitudinally examined the indirect effect of SH on impulsive DRD via a network of brain regions associated with WM function in a sample of young adults, and whether that link was moderated by ER. Participants were 119 rural African Americans (aged 19–24 years) assessed behaviorally on four occasions, with fMRI at the last time point. Results showed that, among emerging adults with higher ER, SH severity was predictive of increased DRD via reduced response in brain regions activated during an n-back WM task. These findings reveal both the cognitive and affective mechanisms that underlie the relationship between SH and DRD. Keywords: Socioeconomic hardship, Decision-making, Delayed reward discounting, Working memory, Emotional reactivity, Poverty, Early life stress |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878929318302445 |
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