Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Supercapacitors via Atomic Layer Deposition of ZnO on the Activated Carbon Electrode Material
Fabricating electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) with high energy density for various applications has been of great interest in recent years. However, activated carbon (AC) electrodes are restricted to a lower operating voltage because they suffer from instability above a threshold potential...
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doaj-18b26f09a2c84c49b9bba65c725d450e2021-07-23T13:56:22ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-07-01264188418810.3390/molecules26144188Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Supercapacitors via Atomic Layer Deposition of ZnO on the Activated Carbon Electrode MaterialChongrui Wu0Fuming Zhang1Xiangshang Xiao2Junyan Chen3Junqi Sun4Dayakar Gandla5Yair Ein-Eli6Daniel Q. Tan7Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Jinping District, Shantou 515063, ChinaDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Jinping District, Shantou 515063, ChinaDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Jinping District, Shantou 515063, ChinaDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Jinping District, Shantou 515063, ChinaDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Jinping District, Shantou 515063, ChinaDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Jinping District, Shantou 515063, ChinaDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering and Grad Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, IsraelDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Jinping District, Shantou 515063, ChinaFabricating electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) with high energy density for various applications has been of great interest in recent years. However, activated carbon (AC) electrodes are restricted to a lower operating voltage because they suffer from instability above a threshold potential window. Thus, they are limited in their energy storage. The deposition of inorganic compounds’ atomic layer deposition (ALD) aiming to enhance cycling performance of supercapacitors and battery electrodes can be applied to the AC electrode materials. Here, we report on the investigation of zinc oxide (ZnO) coating strategy in terms of different pulse times of precursors, ALD cycles, and deposition temperatures to ensure high electrical conductivity and capacitance retention without blocking the micropores of the AC electrode. Crystalline ZnO phase with its optimal forming condition is obtained preferably using a longer precursor pulse time. Supercapacitors comprising AC electrodes coated with 20 cycles of ALD ZnO at 70 °C and operated in TEABF<sub>4</sub>/acetonitrile organic electrolyte show a specific capacitance of 23.13 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 5 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and enhanced capacitance retention at 3.2 V, which well exceeds the normal working voltage of a commercial EDLC product (2.7 V). This work delivers an additional feasible approach of using ZnO ALD modification of AC materials, enhancing and promoting stable EDLC cells under high working voltages.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/14/4188atomic layer depositionporous activated carbonzinc oxidehigh voltagesupercapacitors |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Chongrui Wu Fuming Zhang Xiangshang Xiao Junyan Chen Junqi Sun Dayakar Gandla Yair Ein-Eli Daniel Q. Tan |
spellingShingle |
Chongrui Wu Fuming Zhang Xiangshang Xiao Junyan Chen Junqi Sun Dayakar Gandla Yair Ein-Eli Daniel Q. Tan Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Supercapacitors via Atomic Layer Deposition of ZnO on the Activated Carbon Electrode Material Molecules atomic layer deposition porous activated carbon zinc oxide high voltage supercapacitors |
author_facet |
Chongrui Wu Fuming Zhang Xiangshang Xiao Junyan Chen Junqi Sun Dayakar Gandla Yair Ein-Eli Daniel Q. Tan |
author_sort |
Chongrui Wu |
title |
Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Supercapacitors via Atomic Layer Deposition of ZnO on the Activated Carbon Electrode Material |
title_short |
Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Supercapacitors via Atomic Layer Deposition of ZnO on the Activated Carbon Electrode Material |
title_full |
Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Supercapacitors via Atomic Layer Deposition of ZnO on the Activated Carbon Electrode Material |
title_fullStr |
Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Supercapacitors via Atomic Layer Deposition of ZnO on the Activated Carbon Electrode Material |
title_full_unstemmed |
Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Supercapacitors via Atomic Layer Deposition of ZnO on the Activated Carbon Electrode Material |
title_sort |
enhanced electrochemical performance of supercapacitors via atomic layer deposition of zno on the activated carbon electrode material |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Molecules |
issn |
1420-3049 |
publishDate |
2021-07-01 |
description |
Fabricating electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) with high energy density for various applications has been of great interest in recent years. However, activated carbon (AC) electrodes are restricted to a lower operating voltage because they suffer from instability above a threshold potential window. Thus, they are limited in their energy storage. The deposition of inorganic compounds’ atomic layer deposition (ALD) aiming to enhance cycling performance of supercapacitors and battery electrodes can be applied to the AC electrode materials. Here, we report on the investigation of zinc oxide (ZnO) coating strategy in terms of different pulse times of precursors, ALD cycles, and deposition temperatures to ensure high electrical conductivity and capacitance retention without blocking the micropores of the AC electrode. Crystalline ZnO phase with its optimal forming condition is obtained preferably using a longer precursor pulse time. Supercapacitors comprising AC electrodes coated with 20 cycles of ALD ZnO at 70 °C and operated in TEABF<sub>4</sub>/acetonitrile organic electrolyte show a specific capacitance of 23.13 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 5 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and enhanced capacitance retention at 3.2 V, which well exceeds the normal working voltage of a commercial EDLC product (2.7 V). This work delivers an additional feasible approach of using ZnO ALD modification of AC materials, enhancing and promoting stable EDLC cells under high working voltages. |
topic |
atomic layer deposition porous activated carbon zinc oxide high voltage supercapacitors |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/14/4188 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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