Obesity Correlates With Pronounced Aberrant Innate Immune Responses in Hospitalized Aged COVID-19 Patients
Both age and obesity are leading risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Specifically, although most infections occur in individuals under the age of 55 years, 95% of hospitalizations, admissions to...
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doaj-18dccd71f55b4ffe8bdda7851d62f96d2021-10-11T06:36:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242021-10-011210.3389/fimmu.2021.760288760288Obesity Correlates With Pronounced Aberrant Innate Immune Responses in Hospitalized Aged COVID-19 PatientsMichael Z. Zulu0Michael Z. Zulu1Suhas Sureshchandra2Suhas Sureshchandra3Amanda N. Pinski4Brianna Doratt5Weining Shen6Ilhem Messaoudi7Ilhem Messaoudi8Ilhem Messaoudi9Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United StatesInstitute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United StatesDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United StatesInstitute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United StatesDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United StatesDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United StatesDepartment of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United StatesDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United StatesInstitute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United StatesCenter for Virus Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United StatesBoth age and obesity are leading risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Specifically, although most infections occur in individuals under the age of 55 years, 95% of hospitalizations, admissions to the intensive care unit, and deaths occur in those over the age of 55 years. Moreover, hospitalized COVID-19 patients have a higher prevalence of obesity. It is generally believed that chronic low-grade inflammation and dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses that are associated with aging and obesity are responsible for this elevated risk of severe disease. However, the impact of advanced age and obesity on the host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection remains poorly defined. In this study, we assessed changes in the concentration of soluble immune mediators, IgG antibody titers, frequency of circulating immune cells, and cytokine responses to mitogen stimulation as a function of BMI and age. We detected significant negative correlations between BMI and myeloid immune cell subsets that were more pronounced in aged patients. Similarly, inflammatory cytokine production by monocytes was also negatively correlated with BMI in aged patients. These data suggest that the BMI-dependent impact on host response to SARS-CoV-2 is more pronounced on innate responses of aged patients.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.760288/fullobesityagingSARS-CoV-2COVID-19innate immunitymonocytes |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Michael Z. Zulu Michael Z. Zulu Suhas Sureshchandra Suhas Sureshchandra Amanda N. Pinski Brianna Doratt Weining Shen Ilhem Messaoudi Ilhem Messaoudi Ilhem Messaoudi |
spellingShingle |
Michael Z. Zulu Michael Z. Zulu Suhas Sureshchandra Suhas Sureshchandra Amanda N. Pinski Brianna Doratt Weining Shen Ilhem Messaoudi Ilhem Messaoudi Ilhem Messaoudi Obesity Correlates With Pronounced Aberrant Innate Immune Responses in Hospitalized Aged COVID-19 Patients Frontiers in Immunology obesity aging SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 innate immunity monocytes |
author_facet |
Michael Z. Zulu Michael Z. Zulu Suhas Sureshchandra Suhas Sureshchandra Amanda N. Pinski Brianna Doratt Weining Shen Ilhem Messaoudi Ilhem Messaoudi Ilhem Messaoudi |
author_sort |
Michael Z. Zulu |
title |
Obesity Correlates With Pronounced Aberrant Innate Immune Responses in Hospitalized Aged COVID-19 Patients |
title_short |
Obesity Correlates With Pronounced Aberrant Innate Immune Responses in Hospitalized Aged COVID-19 Patients |
title_full |
Obesity Correlates With Pronounced Aberrant Innate Immune Responses in Hospitalized Aged COVID-19 Patients |
title_fullStr |
Obesity Correlates With Pronounced Aberrant Innate Immune Responses in Hospitalized Aged COVID-19 Patients |
title_full_unstemmed |
Obesity Correlates With Pronounced Aberrant Innate Immune Responses in Hospitalized Aged COVID-19 Patients |
title_sort |
obesity correlates with pronounced aberrant innate immune responses in hospitalized aged covid-19 patients |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Immunology |
issn |
1664-3224 |
publishDate |
2021-10-01 |
description |
Both age and obesity are leading risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Specifically, although most infections occur in individuals under the age of 55 years, 95% of hospitalizations, admissions to the intensive care unit, and deaths occur in those over the age of 55 years. Moreover, hospitalized COVID-19 patients have a higher prevalence of obesity. It is generally believed that chronic low-grade inflammation and dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses that are associated with aging and obesity are responsible for this elevated risk of severe disease. However, the impact of advanced age and obesity on the host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection remains poorly defined. In this study, we assessed changes in the concentration of soluble immune mediators, IgG antibody titers, frequency of circulating immune cells, and cytokine responses to mitogen stimulation as a function of BMI and age. We detected significant negative correlations between BMI and myeloid immune cell subsets that were more pronounced in aged patients. Similarly, inflammatory cytokine production by monocytes was also negatively correlated with BMI in aged patients. These data suggest that the BMI-dependent impact on host response to SARS-CoV-2 is more pronounced on innate responses of aged patients. |
topic |
obesity aging SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 innate immunity monocytes |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.760288/full |
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