Continuous bubble streams for controlling marine biofouling on static artificial structures
Biofouling accumulation is not proactively managed on most marine static artificial structures (SAS) due to the lack of effective options presently available. We describe a series of laboratory and field trials that examine the efficacy of continuous bubble streams in maintaining SAS free of macrosc...
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doaj-193a713d2aab437f96c1273402809f512021-05-02T15:05:10ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592021-04-019e1132310.7717/peerj.11323Continuous bubble streams for controlling marine biofouling on static artificial structuresGrant A. Hopkins0Fletcher Gilbertson1Oli Floerl2Paula Casanovas3Matt Pine4Patrick Cahill5Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New ZealandCawthron Institute, Nelson, New ZealandCawthron Institute, Nelson, New ZealandCawthron Institute, Nelson, New ZealandDepartment of Biology, University of Victoria, B.C. CanadaCawthron Institute, Nelson, New ZealandBiofouling accumulation is not proactively managed on most marine static artificial structures (SAS) due to the lack of effective options presently available. We describe a series of laboratory and field trials that examine the efficacy of continuous bubble streams in maintaining SAS free of macroscopic biofouling and demonstrate that this treatment approach is effective on surface types commonly used in the marine environment. At least two mechanisms were shown to be at play: the disruption of settlement created by the bubble stream, and the scouring of recently settled larvae through shear stress. Field trials conducted over a one-year period identified fouling on diffusers as a major issue to long-term treatment applications. Field measurements suggest that noise associated with surface mounted air blowers and sub-surface diffusers will be highly localised and of low environmental risk. Future studies should aim to develop and test systems at an operational scale.https://peerj.com/articles/11323.pdfAir bubblesMarinasStatic structuresSettlementTreatment |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Grant A. Hopkins Fletcher Gilbertson Oli Floerl Paula Casanovas Matt Pine Patrick Cahill |
spellingShingle |
Grant A. Hopkins Fletcher Gilbertson Oli Floerl Paula Casanovas Matt Pine Patrick Cahill Continuous bubble streams for controlling marine biofouling on static artificial structures PeerJ Air bubbles Marinas Static structures Settlement Treatment |
author_facet |
Grant A. Hopkins Fletcher Gilbertson Oli Floerl Paula Casanovas Matt Pine Patrick Cahill |
author_sort |
Grant A. Hopkins |
title |
Continuous bubble streams for controlling marine biofouling on static artificial structures |
title_short |
Continuous bubble streams for controlling marine biofouling on static artificial structures |
title_full |
Continuous bubble streams for controlling marine biofouling on static artificial structures |
title_fullStr |
Continuous bubble streams for controlling marine biofouling on static artificial structures |
title_full_unstemmed |
Continuous bubble streams for controlling marine biofouling on static artificial structures |
title_sort |
continuous bubble streams for controlling marine biofouling on static artificial structures |
publisher |
PeerJ Inc. |
series |
PeerJ |
issn |
2167-8359 |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
Biofouling accumulation is not proactively managed on most marine static artificial structures (SAS) due to the lack of effective options presently available. We describe a series of laboratory and field trials that examine the efficacy of continuous bubble streams in maintaining SAS free of macroscopic biofouling and demonstrate that this treatment approach is effective on surface types commonly used in the marine environment. At least two mechanisms were shown to be at play: the disruption of settlement created by the bubble stream, and the scouring of recently settled larvae through shear stress. Field trials conducted over a one-year period identified fouling on diffusers as a major issue to long-term treatment applications. Field measurements suggest that noise associated with surface mounted air blowers and sub-surface diffusers will be highly localised and of low environmental risk. Future studies should aim to develop and test systems at an operational scale. |
topic |
Air bubbles Marinas Static structures Settlement Treatment |
url |
https://peerj.com/articles/11323.pdf |
work_keys_str_mv |
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1721490369964670976 |