Field data implicating Culicoides stellifer and Culicoides venustus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as vectors of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus
Abstract Background Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) is an Orbivirus of veterinary importance which is transmitted by biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) to ruminants. Culicoides sonorensis Wirth & Jones, the only confirmed vector of EHDV in the USA, is rar...
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doaj-19417dda033e42ccbb2c3c66c81949d82020-11-25T03:08:33ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052019-05-0112111310.1186/s13071-019-3514-8Field data implicating Culicoides stellifer and Culicoides venustus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as vectors of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virusBethany L. McGregor0Kristin E. Sloyer1Katherine A. Sayler2Olivia Goodfriend3Juan M. Campos Krauer4Carolina Acevedo5Xinmi Zhang6Derrick Mathias7Samantha M. Wisely8Nathan D. Burkett-Cadena9Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of FloridaFlorida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of FloridaWildlife Ecology and Conservation Department, University of FloridaWildlife Ecology and Conservation Department, University of FloridaWildlife Ecology and Conservation Department, University of FloridaFlorida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of FloridaDepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn UniversityFlorida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of FloridaWildlife Ecology and Conservation Department, University of FloridaFlorida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of FloridaAbstract Background Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) is an Orbivirus of veterinary importance which is transmitted by biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) to ruminants. Culicoides sonorensis Wirth & Jones, the only confirmed vector of EHDV in the USA, is rare in the southeastern states where transmission persists, suggesting that other Culicoides species transmit EHDV in this region. The present study aimed to determine which Culicoides species transmitted EHDV in Florida and Alabama, two states in the southeastern USA. Viral RNA was detected in field-collected midges using molecular methods. These data are presented alongside data on Culicoides blood meal analysis, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) aspiration, and seasonality to demonstrate an interaction between potential vector species and EHDV hosts. Results Out of 661 pools tested, 20 pools were positive for EHDV viral RNA, including six pools from Culicoides stellifer (Coquillett) and 14 pools from Culicoides venustus Hoffman. The overall infection rate was 0.06% for C. stellifer and 2.18% for C. venustus. No positive pools were identified for a further 17 species. Serotypes identified in Culicoides included EHDV-2, EHDV-6, and coinfections of EHDV-2 and EHDV-6 and were identified in similar proportions to serotypes in deer at 3 of 4 deer farms. Viral detections conducted in Alabama also identified one positive pool of C. venustus. Blood meal analysis revealed that both Culicoides species fed on white-tailed deer (verified through aspiration), fallow deer, and elk, species for which EHDV viremia has been documented. Seasonality data indicated that both species were present throughout the period in which viral transmission occurred to EHDV hosts in 2016 in addition to the 2017 epizootic. Conclusions Our finding of EHDV positive pools of field-collected C. stellifer and C. venustus and an interaction between these species and EHDV hosts satisfy two of the four criteria for vector incrimination as set by the World Health Organization. Determining the vectors of EHDV is an important step towards developing sound strategies for the control of vector Culicoides and management of EHDV in the southeastern USA.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-019-3514-8Culicoides stelliferCulicoides venustushemorrhagic diseaseepizootic hemorrhagic disease virusOdocoileus virginianuswhite-tailed deer |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Bethany L. McGregor Kristin E. Sloyer Katherine A. Sayler Olivia Goodfriend Juan M. Campos Krauer Carolina Acevedo Xinmi Zhang Derrick Mathias Samantha M. Wisely Nathan D. Burkett-Cadena |
spellingShingle |
Bethany L. McGregor Kristin E. Sloyer Katherine A. Sayler Olivia Goodfriend Juan M. Campos Krauer Carolina Acevedo Xinmi Zhang Derrick Mathias Samantha M. Wisely Nathan D. Burkett-Cadena Field data implicating Culicoides stellifer and Culicoides venustus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as vectors of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus Parasites & Vectors Culicoides stellifer Culicoides venustus hemorrhagic disease epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus Odocoileus virginianus white-tailed deer |
author_facet |
Bethany L. McGregor Kristin E. Sloyer Katherine A. Sayler Olivia Goodfriend Juan M. Campos Krauer Carolina Acevedo Xinmi Zhang Derrick Mathias Samantha M. Wisely Nathan D. Burkett-Cadena |
author_sort |
Bethany L. McGregor |
title |
Field data implicating Culicoides stellifer and Culicoides venustus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as vectors of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus |
title_short |
Field data implicating Culicoides stellifer and Culicoides venustus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as vectors of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus |
title_full |
Field data implicating Culicoides stellifer and Culicoides venustus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as vectors of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus |
title_fullStr |
Field data implicating Culicoides stellifer and Culicoides venustus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as vectors of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus |
title_full_unstemmed |
Field data implicating Culicoides stellifer and Culicoides venustus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as vectors of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus |
title_sort |
field data implicating culicoides stellifer and culicoides venustus (diptera: ceratopogonidae) as vectors of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Parasites & Vectors |
issn |
1756-3305 |
publishDate |
2019-05-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) is an Orbivirus of veterinary importance which is transmitted by biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) to ruminants. Culicoides sonorensis Wirth & Jones, the only confirmed vector of EHDV in the USA, is rare in the southeastern states where transmission persists, suggesting that other Culicoides species transmit EHDV in this region. The present study aimed to determine which Culicoides species transmitted EHDV in Florida and Alabama, two states in the southeastern USA. Viral RNA was detected in field-collected midges using molecular methods. These data are presented alongside data on Culicoides blood meal analysis, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) aspiration, and seasonality to demonstrate an interaction between potential vector species and EHDV hosts. Results Out of 661 pools tested, 20 pools were positive for EHDV viral RNA, including six pools from Culicoides stellifer (Coquillett) and 14 pools from Culicoides venustus Hoffman. The overall infection rate was 0.06% for C. stellifer and 2.18% for C. venustus. No positive pools were identified for a further 17 species. Serotypes identified in Culicoides included EHDV-2, EHDV-6, and coinfections of EHDV-2 and EHDV-6 and were identified in similar proportions to serotypes in deer at 3 of 4 deer farms. Viral detections conducted in Alabama also identified one positive pool of C. venustus. Blood meal analysis revealed that both Culicoides species fed on white-tailed deer (verified through aspiration), fallow deer, and elk, species for which EHDV viremia has been documented. Seasonality data indicated that both species were present throughout the period in which viral transmission occurred to EHDV hosts in 2016 in addition to the 2017 epizootic. Conclusions Our finding of EHDV positive pools of field-collected C. stellifer and C. venustus and an interaction between these species and EHDV hosts satisfy two of the four criteria for vector incrimination as set by the World Health Organization. Determining the vectors of EHDV is an important step towards developing sound strategies for the control of vector Culicoides and management of EHDV in the southeastern USA. |
topic |
Culicoides stellifer Culicoides venustus hemorrhagic disease epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus Odocoileus virginianus white-tailed deer |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-019-3514-8 |
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