Benzalkonium Chloride-Preserved Anti-Glaucomatous Eye Drops and Their Effect on Human Conjunctival Goblet Cells in vitro
Introduction: Most intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering eye drops are preserved with benzalkonium chloride (BAK). This can increase side effects and decrease adherence. Particularly, damage to the mucin-producing conjunctival goblet cells may be an issue due to instability of the tear film. We aimed...
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doaj-19a5c41ecea94a248fb02d450673908d2021-09-09T12:40:43ZengKarger PublishersBiomedicine Hub2296-68702021-08-0162697610.1159/000517845517845Benzalkonium Chloride-Preserved Anti-Glaucomatous Eye Drops and Their Effect on Human Conjunctival Goblet Cells in vitroAnne Hedengran0Xenia Begun1Olivia Müllertz2Zaynab Mouhammad3Rupali Vohra4Jeffrey Bair5Darlene A. Dartt6Barbara Cvenkel7Steffen Heegaard8Goran Petrovski9Miriam Kolko10Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkSchepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USASchepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USADepartment of Ophthalmology, UMC Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, DenmarkDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkIntroduction: Most intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering eye drops are preserved with benzalkonium chloride (BAK). This can increase side effects and decrease adherence. Particularly, damage to the mucin-producing conjunctival goblet cells may be an issue due to instability of the tear film. We aimed to investigate the effect of IOP-lowering eye drops preserved with BAK on cultured human conjunctival goblet cells. Methods: Eye drops Brimonidine Tartrate Teva (BT) with 0.005% BAK, Dorzolamide Stada (DS) with 0.0075% BAK, Optimol® (OP) with 0.01% BAK, and Latanoprost Teva (LT) with 0.02% BAK were included. Human primary cultured goblet cell survival was evaluated using a lactate dehydrogenase assay on human goblet cells after treatment for 30 min and 6 h with the different anti-glaucoma drug formulations. Results: All eye drops examined, except BT, reduced goblet cell survival. The impact of eye drops on goblet cell viability was correlated with the time of exposure as well as to the concentration of BAK. After 30 min of exposure, cell viability was 93% for BT (0.005% BAK; p = 0.93), 71% for DS (0.0075% BAK; p = 0.067), 70% for OP (0.01% BAK; p = 0.054), and 69% for LT (0.02% BAK; p = 0.022), and exposure for 6 h reduced cell survival to 74% for BT (p = 0.217), 52% for DS (p = 0.011), 34% for OP (p = 0.017), and 31% for LT (p = 0.0007). Conclusion: LT, OP, and DS reduced human goblet cell survival in a time-dependent manner. BT did not affect goblet cell survival. Cell survival was correlated with the BAK concentration in the eye drops making 0.02% BAK-preserved LT most toxic and 0.005% BAK-preserved BT least toxic. Based on the present study, decreasing BAK in eye drops for chronic use seems important to reduce damage to the goblet cells. However, future studies are needed to further explore this finding.https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/517845goblet cellsglaucomabenzalkonium chlorideanti-glaucomatous treatmentin vitro study |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Anne Hedengran Xenia Begun Olivia Müllertz Zaynab Mouhammad Rupali Vohra Jeffrey Bair Darlene A. Dartt Barbara Cvenkel Steffen Heegaard Goran Petrovski Miriam Kolko |
spellingShingle |
Anne Hedengran Xenia Begun Olivia Müllertz Zaynab Mouhammad Rupali Vohra Jeffrey Bair Darlene A. Dartt Barbara Cvenkel Steffen Heegaard Goran Petrovski Miriam Kolko Benzalkonium Chloride-Preserved Anti-Glaucomatous Eye Drops and Their Effect on Human Conjunctival Goblet Cells in vitro Biomedicine Hub goblet cells glaucoma benzalkonium chloride anti-glaucomatous treatment in vitro study |
author_facet |
Anne Hedengran Xenia Begun Olivia Müllertz Zaynab Mouhammad Rupali Vohra Jeffrey Bair Darlene A. Dartt Barbara Cvenkel Steffen Heegaard Goran Petrovski Miriam Kolko |
author_sort |
Anne Hedengran |
title |
Benzalkonium Chloride-Preserved Anti-Glaucomatous Eye Drops and Their Effect on Human Conjunctival Goblet Cells in vitro |
title_short |
Benzalkonium Chloride-Preserved Anti-Glaucomatous Eye Drops and Their Effect on Human Conjunctival Goblet Cells in vitro |
title_full |
Benzalkonium Chloride-Preserved Anti-Glaucomatous Eye Drops and Their Effect on Human Conjunctival Goblet Cells in vitro |
title_fullStr |
Benzalkonium Chloride-Preserved Anti-Glaucomatous Eye Drops and Their Effect on Human Conjunctival Goblet Cells in vitro |
title_full_unstemmed |
Benzalkonium Chloride-Preserved Anti-Glaucomatous Eye Drops and Their Effect on Human Conjunctival Goblet Cells in vitro |
title_sort |
benzalkonium chloride-preserved anti-glaucomatous eye drops and their effect on human conjunctival goblet cells in vitro |
publisher |
Karger Publishers |
series |
Biomedicine Hub |
issn |
2296-6870 |
publishDate |
2021-08-01 |
description |
Introduction: Most intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering eye drops are preserved with benzalkonium chloride (BAK). This can increase side effects and decrease adherence. Particularly, damage to the mucin-producing conjunctival goblet cells may be an issue due to instability of the tear film. We aimed to investigate the effect of IOP-lowering eye drops preserved with BAK on cultured human conjunctival goblet cells. Methods: Eye drops Brimonidine Tartrate Teva (BT) with 0.005% BAK, Dorzolamide Stada (DS) with 0.0075% BAK, Optimol® (OP) with 0.01% BAK, and Latanoprost Teva (LT) with 0.02% BAK were included. Human primary cultured goblet cell survival was evaluated using a lactate dehydrogenase assay on human goblet cells after treatment for 30 min and 6 h with the different anti-glaucoma drug formulations. Results: All eye drops examined, except BT, reduced goblet cell survival. The impact of eye drops on goblet cell viability was correlated with the time of exposure as well as to the concentration of BAK. After 30 min of exposure, cell viability was 93% for BT (0.005% BAK; p = 0.93), 71% for DS (0.0075% BAK; p = 0.067), 70% for OP (0.01% BAK; p = 0.054), and 69% for LT (0.02% BAK; p = 0.022), and exposure for 6 h reduced cell survival to 74% for BT (p = 0.217), 52% for DS (p = 0.011), 34% for OP (p = 0.017), and 31% for LT (p = 0.0007). Conclusion: LT, OP, and DS reduced human goblet cell survival in a time-dependent manner. BT did not affect goblet cell survival. Cell survival was correlated with the BAK concentration in the eye drops making 0.02% BAK-preserved LT most toxic and 0.005% BAK-preserved BT least toxic. Based on the present study, decreasing BAK in eye drops for chronic use seems important to reduce damage to the goblet cells. However, future studies are needed to further explore this finding. |
topic |
goblet cells glaucoma benzalkonium chloride anti-glaucomatous treatment in vitro study |
url |
https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/517845 |
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