Universal Influenza Vaccines, a Dream to Be Realized Soon
Due to frequent viral antigenic change, current influenza vaccines need to be re-formulated annually to match the circulating strains for battling seasonal influenza epidemics. These vaccines are also ineffective in preventing occasional outbreaks of new influenza pandemic viruses. All these challe...
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doaj-19c9d74046504e2399598158d27597192020-11-24T22:39:00ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152014-04-01651974199110.3390/v6051974v6051974Universal Influenza Vaccines, a Dream to Be Realized SoonHan Zhang0Li Wang1Richard W. Compans2Bao-Zhong Wang3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USADepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USADepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USADepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USADue to frequent viral antigenic change, current influenza vaccines need to be re-formulated annually to match the circulating strains for battling seasonal influenza epidemics. These vaccines are also ineffective in preventing occasional outbreaks of new influenza pandemic viruses. All these challenges call for the development of universal influenza vaccines capable of conferring broad cross-protection against multiple subtypes of influenza A viruses. Facilitated by the advancement in modern molecular biology, delicate antigen design becomes one of the most effective factors for fulfilling such goals. Conserved epitopes residing in virus surface proteins including influenza matrix protein 2 and the stalk domain of the hemagglutinin draw general interest for improved antigen design. The present review summarizes the recent progress in such endeavors and also covers the encouraging progress in integrated antigen/adjuvant delivery and controlled release technology that facilitate the development of an affordable universal influenza vaccine.http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/6/5/1974influenzacross protectionuniversal influenza vaccine |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Han Zhang Li Wang Richard W. Compans Bao-Zhong Wang |
spellingShingle |
Han Zhang Li Wang Richard W. Compans Bao-Zhong Wang Universal Influenza Vaccines, a Dream to Be Realized Soon Viruses influenza cross protection universal influenza vaccine |
author_facet |
Han Zhang Li Wang Richard W. Compans Bao-Zhong Wang |
author_sort |
Han Zhang |
title |
Universal Influenza Vaccines, a Dream to Be Realized Soon |
title_short |
Universal Influenza Vaccines, a Dream to Be Realized Soon |
title_full |
Universal Influenza Vaccines, a Dream to Be Realized Soon |
title_fullStr |
Universal Influenza Vaccines, a Dream to Be Realized Soon |
title_full_unstemmed |
Universal Influenza Vaccines, a Dream to Be Realized Soon |
title_sort |
universal influenza vaccines, a dream to be realized soon |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Viruses |
issn |
1999-4915 |
publishDate |
2014-04-01 |
description |
Due to frequent viral antigenic change, current influenza vaccines need to be re-formulated annually to match the circulating strains for battling seasonal influenza epidemics. These vaccines are also ineffective in preventing occasional outbreaks of new influenza pandemic viruses. All these challenges call for the development of universal influenza vaccines capable of conferring broad cross-protection against multiple subtypes of influenza A viruses. Facilitated by the advancement in modern molecular biology, delicate antigen design becomes one of the most effective factors for fulfilling such goals. Conserved epitopes residing in virus surface proteins including influenza matrix protein 2 and the stalk domain of the hemagglutinin draw general interest for improved antigen design. The present review summarizes the recent progress in such endeavors and also covers the encouraging progress in integrated antigen/adjuvant delivery and controlled release technology that facilitate the development of an affordable universal influenza vaccine. |
topic |
influenza cross protection universal influenza vaccine |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/6/5/1974 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT hanzhang universalinfluenzavaccinesadreamtoberealizedsoon AT liwang universalinfluenzavaccinesadreamtoberealizedsoon AT richardwcompans universalinfluenzavaccinesadreamtoberealizedsoon AT baozhongwang universalinfluenzavaccinesadreamtoberealizedsoon |
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