Eccentric Cycling Training Improves Erythrocyte Antioxidant and Oxygen Releasing Capacity Associated with Enhanced Anaerobic Glycolysis and Intracellular Acidosis
The antioxidant capacity of erythrocytes protects individuals against the harmful effects of oxidative stress. Despite improved hemodynamic efficiency, the effect of eccentric cycling training (ECT) on erythrocyte antioxidative capacity remains unclear. This study investigates how ECT affects erythr...
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doaj-19d7079febe74edf8645c2c8e64bed722021-02-14T00:03:23ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212021-02-011028528510.3390/antiox10020285Eccentric Cycling Training Improves Erythrocyte Antioxidant and Oxygen Releasing Capacity Associated with Enhanced Anaerobic Glycolysis and Intracellular AcidosisYu-Chieh Huang0Mei-Ling Cheng1Hsiang-Yu Tang2Chi-Yao Huang3Kuan-Ming Chen4Jong-Shyan Wang5Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 413, TaiwanMetabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, TaiwanMetabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, TaiwanHealthy Aging Research Center, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Medical Collage, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, TaiwanHealthy Aging Research Center, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Medical Collage, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, TaiwanHealthy Aging Research Center, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Medical Collage, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, TaiwanThe antioxidant capacity of erythrocytes protects individuals against the harmful effects of oxidative stress. Despite improved hemodynamic efficiency, the effect of eccentric cycling training (ECT) on erythrocyte antioxidative capacity remains unclear. This study investigates how ECT affects erythrocyte antioxidative capacity and metabolism in sedentary males. Thirty-six sedentary healthy males were randomly assigned to either concentric cycling training (CCT, <i>n</i> = 12) or ECT (<i>n</i> = 12) at 60% of the maximal workload for 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks or to a control group (<i>n</i> = 12) that did not receive an exercise intervention. A graded exercise test (GXT) was performed before and after the intervention. Erythrocyte metabolic characteristics and O<sub>2</sub> release capacity were determined by UPLC-MS and high-resolution respirometry, respectively. An acute GXT depleted Glutathione (GSH), accumulated Glutathione disulfide (GSSG), and elevated the GSSG/GSH ratio, whereas both CCT and ECT attenuated the extent of the elevated GSSG/GSH ratio caused by a GXT. Moreover, the two exercise regimens upregulated glycolysis and increased glucose consumption and lactate production, leading to intracellular acidosis and facilitation of O<sub>2</sub> release from erythrocytes. Both CCT and ECT enhance antioxidative capacity against severe exercise-evoked circulatory oxidative stress. Moreover, the two exercise regimens activate erythrocyte glycolysis, resulting in lowered intracellular pH and enhanced O<sub>2</sub> released from erythrocytes.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/2/285eccentric exerciseredox statuserythrocytemetabolism |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Yu-Chieh Huang Mei-Ling Cheng Hsiang-Yu Tang Chi-Yao Huang Kuan-Ming Chen Jong-Shyan Wang |
spellingShingle |
Yu-Chieh Huang Mei-Ling Cheng Hsiang-Yu Tang Chi-Yao Huang Kuan-Ming Chen Jong-Shyan Wang Eccentric Cycling Training Improves Erythrocyte Antioxidant and Oxygen Releasing Capacity Associated with Enhanced Anaerobic Glycolysis and Intracellular Acidosis Antioxidants eccentric exercise redox status erythrocyte metabolism |
author_facet |
Yu-Chieh Huang Mei-Ling Cheng Hsiang-Yu Tang Chi-Yao Huang Kuan-Ming Chen Jong-Shyan Wang |
author_sort |
Yu-Chieh Huang |
title |
Eccentric Cycling Training Improves Erythrocyte Antioxidant and Oxygen Releasing Capacity Associated with Enhanced Anaerobic Glycolysis and Intracellular Acidosis |
title_short |
Eccentric Cycling Training Improves Erythrocyte Antioxidant and Oxygen Releasing Capacity Associated with Enhanced Anaerobic Glycolysis and Intracellular Acidosis |
title_full |
Eccentric Cycling Training Improves Erythrocyte Antioxidant and Oxygen Releasing Capacity Associated with Enhanced Anaerobic Glycolysis and Intracellular Acidosis |
title_fullStr |
Eccentric Cycling Training Improves Erythrocyte Antioxidant and Oxygen Releasing Capacity Associated with Enhanced Anaerobic Glycolysis and Intracellular Acidosis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Eccentric Cycling Training Improves Erythrocyte Antioxidant and Oxygen Releasing Capacity Associated with Enhanced Anaerobic Glycolysis and Intracellular Acidosis |
title_sort |
eccentric cycling training improves erythrocyte antioxidant and oxygen releasing capacity associated with enhanced anaerobic glycolysis and intracellular acidosis |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Antioxidants |
issn |
2076-3921 |
publishDate |
2021-02-01 |
description |
The antioxidant capacity of erythrocytes protects individuals against the harmful effects of oxidative stress. Despite improved hemodynamic efficiency, the effect of eccentric cycling training (ECT) on erythrocyte antioxidative capacity remains unclear. This study investigates how ECT affects erythrocyte antioxidative capacity and metabolism in sedentary males. Thirty-six sedentary healthy males were randomly assigned to either concentric cycling training (CCT, <i>n</i> = 12) or ECT (<i>n</i> = 12) at 60% of the maximal workload for 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks or to a control group (<i>n</i> = 12) that did not receive an exercise intervention. A graded exercise test (GXT) was performed before and after the intervention. Erythrocyte metabolic characteristics and O<sub>2</sub> release capacity were determined by UPLC-MS and high-resolution respirometry, respectively. An acute GXT depleted Glutathione (GSH), accumulated Glutathione disulfide (GSSG), and elevated the GSSG/GSH ratio, whereas both CCT and ECT attenuated the extent of the elevated GSSG/GSH ratio caused by a GXT. Moreover, the two exercise regimens upregulated glycolysis and increased glucose consumption and lactate production, leading to intracellular acidosis and facilitation of O<sub>2</sub> release from erythrocytes. Both CCT and ECT enhance antioxidative capacity against severe exercise-evoked circulatory oxidative stress. Moreover, the two exercise regimens activate erythrocyte glycolysis, resulting in lowered intracellular pH and enhanced O<sub>2</sub> released from erythrocytes. |
topic |
eccentric exercise redox status erythrocyte metabolism |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/2/285 |
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