Diffusion and Interface Effects during Preparation of All-Solid Microstructured Fibers
All-solid microstructured optical fibers (MOF) allow the realization of very flexible optical waveguide designs. They are prepared by stacking of doped silica rods or canes in complex arrangements. Typical dopants in silica matrices are germanium and phosphorus to increase the refractive index (RI),...
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doaj-1a12ba128e734dd49c6427d6f1c7e32f2020-11-25T00:00:38ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442014-09-01796879689210.3390/ma7096879ma7096879Diffusion and Interface Effects during Preparation of All-Solid Microstructured FibersKobelke Jens0Bierlich Jörg1Wondraczek Katrin2Aichele Claudia3Pan Zhiwen4Unger Sonja5Schuster Kay6Bartelt Hartmut7Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, D-07745 Jena, GermanyLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, D-07745 Jena, GermanyLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, D-07745 Jena, GermanyLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, D-07745 Jena, GermanyLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, D-07745 Jena, GermanyLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, D-07745 Jena, GermanyLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, D-07745 Jena, GermanyLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, D-07745 Jena, GermanyAll-solid microstructured optical fibers (MOF) allow the realization of very flexible optical waveguide designs. They are prepared by stacking of doped silica rods or canes in complex arrangements. Typical dopants in silica matrices are germanium and phosphorus to increase the refractive index (RI), or boron and fluorine to decrease the RI. However, the direct interface contact of stacking elements often causes interrelated chemical reactions or evaporation during thermal processing. The obtained fiber structures after the final drawing step thus tend to deviate from the targeted structure risking degrading their favored optical functionality. Dopant profiles and design parameters (e.g., the RI homogeneity of the cladding) are controlled by the combination of diffusion and equilibrium conditions of evaporation reactions. We show simulation results of diffusion and thermal dissociation in germanium and fluorine doped silica rod arrangements according to the monitored geometrical disturbances in stretched canes or drawn fibers. The paper indicates geometrical limits of dopant structures in sub-µm-level depending on the dopant concentration and the thermal conditions during the drawing process. The presented results thus enable an optimized planning of the preform parameters avoiding unwanted alterations in dopant concentration profiles or in design parameters encountered during the drawing process.http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/7/9/6879microstructured fiberphotonic crystal fiberfiber manufacturing |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Kobelke Jens Bierlich Jörg Wondraczek Katrin Aichele Claudia Pan Zhiwen Unger Sonja Schuster Kay Bartelt Hartmut |
spellingShingle |
Kobelke Jens Bierlich Jörg Wondraczek Katrin Aichele Claudia Pan Zhiwen Unger Sonja Schuster Kay Bartelt Hartmut Diffusion and Interface Effects during Preparation of All-Solid Microstructured Fibers Materials microstructured fiber photonic crystal fiber fiber manufacturing |
author_facet |
Kobelke Jens Bierlich Jörg Wondraczek Katrin Aichele Claudia Pan Zhiwen Unger Sonja Schuster Kay Bartelt Hartmut |
author_sort |
Kobelke Jens |
title |
Diffusion and Interface Effects during Preparation of All-Solid Microstructured Fibers |
title_short |
Diffusion and Interface Effects during Preparation of All-Solid Microstructured Fibers |
title_full |
Diffusion and Interface Effects during Preparation of All-Solid Microstructured Fibers |
title_fullStr |
Diffusion and Interface Effects during Preparation of All-Solid Microstructured Fibers |
title_full_unstemmed |
Diffusion and Interface Effects during Preparation of All-Solid Microstructured Fibers |
title_sort |
diffusion and interface effects during preparation of all-solid microstructured fibers |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Materials |
issn |
1996-1944 |
publishDate |
2014-09-01 |
description |
All-solid microstructured optical fibers (MOF) allow the realization of very flexible optical waveguide designs. They are prepared by stacking of doped silica rods or canes in complex arrangements. Typical dopants in silica matrices are germanium and phosphorus to increase the refractive index (RI), or boron and fluorine to decrease the RI. However, the direct interface contact of stacking elements often causes interrelated chemical reactions or evaporation during thermal processing. The obtained fiber structures after the final drawing step thus tend to deviate from the targeted structure risking degrading their favored optical functionality. Dopant profiles and design parameters (e.g., the RI homogeneity of the cladding) are controlled by the combination of diffusion and equilibrium conditions of evaporation reactions. We show simulation results of diffusion and thermal dissociation in germanium and fluorine doped silica rod arrangements according to the monitored geometrical disturbances in stretched canes or drawn fibers. The paper indicates geometrical limits of dopant structures in sub-µm-level depending on the dopant concentration and the thermal conditions during the drawing process. The presented results thus enable an optimized planning of the preform parameters avoiding unwanted alterations in dopant concentration profiles or in design parameters encountered during the drawing process. |
topic |
microstructured fiber photonic crystal fiber fiber manufacturing |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/7/9/6879 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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