Trichromatic Enhanced Dynamic Color Screening on the PDI Check Nintendo 3DS Game

• Main Authors: Arnold A, Smith K, Molina A, Damarjian A, Desatoff T, Arnold R
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dove Medical Press 2021-05-01
• Series: Clinical Optometry
• Subjects: color blindness; deuteranomaly; proteranomaly; farnsworth-munsell; rabin color cone test; dynamic; vision screening
• Online Access: https://www.dovepress.com/trichromatic-enhanced-dynamic-color-screening-on-the-pdi-check-nintend-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-OPTO

Andrew Arnold,1 Kyle Smith,2 Aaron Molina,2 Alex Damarjian,2 Tarah Desatoff,3 Robert Arnold4 1Pacific Northwest University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Yakima, WA, USA; 2PDI CHECK, Anchorage, AK, USA; 3Optometry Department, South Central Foundation, Wasilla, AK, USA; 4Alaska Blind Child Discovery, Alaska Children’s EYE & Strabismus, Anchorage, AK, USACorrespondence: Robert ArnoldAlaska Children’s EYE & Strabismus, 3500 Latouche #280, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USATel [phone]Fax [phone]Email [e-mail]: Classification of color deficiency has required substantial time and expense with the static Farnsworth-Munsell and Innova Rabin tests. Therefore, dynamic color tests were developed for the Nintendo 3DS.Methods: Fifteen color deficient patients and 17 age-matched normals performed Rabin color test in addition to PDI Check dynamic color games resembling Farnsworth-Munsell presentation (version 0.2.8) and 3-color iso-luminance gray (version 0.2.13).Results: Tests of red, green and blue cone-deficient with the v0.2.8 had sensitivity/specificity/PPV of 92%/86%/92% protanopes, 78%/90%/88% deutanopes and 87%/50%/93% tritanopes. Version 0.2.13 had sens/spec/PPV of 78%/83%/78% red-cone, 100%/85%/80% green cone and 67%/78%/33% blue cone. Corresponding IntraClass Correlation (ICC) utilizing v0.2.8 were red-cone 0.22 (− 0.02– 0.60), green-cone 0.34 (− 0.10– 0.67) and blue-cone 0.38 (0.12– 0.75). ICC for v0.2.13 was higher with protanope 0.62 (− 0.07– 0.87), deuteranope 0.64 (− 0.09– 0.88) and tritanope 0.31 (− 0.07– 0.70). The PDI Check color game took 65 seconds compared to 197 seconds for Innova Rabin.Conclusion: The PDI Check color game quickly identifies patients with inherited color deficiencies.Keywords: color blindness, deuteranomaly, protanomaly, Farnsworth-Munsell, Rabin color cone test, dynamic, vision screening