Effect of Fluoride Concentration in Drinking Water on Dental Fluorosis in Southwest Saudi Arabia

• Main Authors: Gotam Das, Vineet Tirth, Suraj Arora, Ali Algahtani, Mohammed Kafeel, Ayed Hassan G Alqarni, Priyanka Saluja, Hitesh Vij, Shashit Shetty Bavabeedu, Amit Tirth
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2020-06-01
• Series: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
• Subjects: fluoride levels; drinking water; dental fluorosis; well water; bottled water; filtered water
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/11/3914
• ISSN: 1661-7827; 1660-4601

This study was intended to evaluate the fluoride concentration in drinking water and its effect on dental fluorosis in Southwest Saudi Arabia. Water samples were gathered rom wells, filtration plants and commercial brands (bottled water) in distinct urban and rural areas of Asir region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Overall, 63 water samples were collected from 12 locations and 9 brands of bottled water. ExStik^® FL700Fluoridemeter was used in the analysis of water samples for fluoride levels. The total number of screened patients for dental fluorosis, aged between 9 and 50 years, was 1150; among them, 609 were males and 541 were females. Dean’s index criteria were used to examine the patients for dental fluorosis. The results revealed that fluoride levels varied between 0.03 and 3.8 ppm. People who drank well water displayed increased fluoride levels (>0.81 ppm). The prevalence of dental fluorosis was established to be 20.43% among the total number of examined patients. The findings of this study show very mild to moderate dental fluorosis prevail among the patients who consume well water in the Asir region.