Prenatal Exposure to Cigarette Smoke and Anogenital Distance at 4 Years in the INMA-Asturias Cohort
Smoking by women is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery, low birth weight, infertility, and prolonged time to pregnancy. Anogenital distance (AGD) is a sensitive biomarker of prenatal androgen and antiandrogen exposure. We investigated the effect...
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doaj-1bc9a31ffaa44b1cab99d7d0136dddf72021-04-29T23:07:40ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1661-78271660-46012021-04-01184774477410.3390/ijerph18094774Prenatal Exposure to Cigarette Smoke and Anogenital Distance at 4 Years in the INMA-Asturias CohortMiguel García-Villarino0Rocío Fernández-Iglesias1Isolina Riaño-Galán2Cristina Rodríguez-Dehli3Izaro Babarro4Ana Fernández-Somoano5Adonina Tardón6Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos Avenue 3-5, 28029 Madrid, SpainSpanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos Avenue 3-5, 28029 Madrid, SpainSpanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos Avenue 3-5, 28029 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Roma Avenue s/n., 33001 Oviedo, Asturias, SpainFaculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country, 20018 Donostia/San Sebastian, País Vasco, SpainSpanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos Avenue 3-5, 28029 Madrid, SpainSpanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos Avenue 3-5, 28029 Madrid, SpainSmoking by women is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery, low birth weight, infertility, and prolonged time to pregnancy. Anogenital distance (AGD) is a sensitive biomarker of prenatal androgen and antiandrogen exposure. We investigated the effect of smoking and passive smoke exposure during pregnancy on anogenital distance in offspring at 4 years in the INMA-Asturias cohort (Spain). Women were interviewed during pregnancy to collect information on tobacco consumption, and anogenital distance was measured in 381 children: anoscrotal distance in boys and anofourchetal distance in girls. We also measured maternal urinary cotinine levels at 32 weeks of pregnancy. We constructed linear regression models to analyze the association between prenatal smoke exposure and anogenital distance and adjusted the models by relevant covariates. Reported prenatal smoke exposure was associated with statistically significant increased anogenital index (AGI), both at week 12 of pregnancy (β = 0.31, 95% confidence interval: 0.00, 0.63) and at week 32 of pregnancy (β = 0.31, 95% confidence interval: 0.00, 0.63) in male children, suggesting altered androgenic signaling.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/9/4774anogenital distancematernal cigarette smokingtobacco smokingendocrine-disrupting chemicals |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Miguel García-Villarino Rocío Fernández-Iglesias Isolina Riaño-Galán Cristina Rodríguez-Dehli Izaro Babarro Ana Fernández-Somoano Adonina Tardón |
spellingShingle |
Miguel García-Villarino Rocío Fernández-Iglesias Isolina Riaño-Galán Cristina Rodríguez-Dehli Izaro Babarro Ana Fernández-Somoano Adonina Tardón Prenatal Exposure to Cigarette Smoke and Anogenital Distance at 4 Years in the INMA-Asturias Cohort International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health anogenital distance maternal cigarette smoking tobacco smoking endocrine-disrupting chemicals |
author_facet |
Miguel García-Villarino Rocío Fernández-Iglesias Isolina Riaño-Galán Cristina Rodríguez-Dehli Izaro Babarro Ana Fernández-Somoano Adonina Tardón |
author_sort |
Miguel García-Villarino |
title |
Prenatal Exposure to Cigarette Smoke and Anogenital Distance at 4 Years in the INMA-Asturias Cohort |
title_short |
Prenatal Exposure to Cigarette Smoke and Anogenital Distance at 4 Years in the INMA-Asturias Cohort |
title_full |
Prenatal Exposure to Cigarette Smoke and Anogenital Distance at 4 Years in the INMA-Asturias Cohort |
title_fullStr |
Prenatal Exposure to Cigarette Smoke and Anogenital Distance at 4 Years in the INMA-Asturias Cohort |
title_full_unstemmed |
Prenatal Exposure to Cigarette Smoke and Anogenital Distance at 4 Years in the INMA-Asturias Cohort |
title_sort |
prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke and anogenital distance at 4 years in the inma-asturias cohort |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1661-7827 1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
Smoking by women is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery, low birth weight, infertility, and prolonged time to pregnancy. Anogenital distance (AGD) is a sensitive biomarker of prenatal androgen and antiandrogen exposure. We investigated the effect of smoking and passive smoke exposure during pregnancy on anogenital distance in offspring at 4 years in the INMA-Asturias cohort (Spain). Women were interviewed during pregnancy to collect information on tobacco consumption, and anogenital distance was measured in 381 children: anoscrotal distance in boys and anofourchetal distance in girls. We also measured maternal urinary cotinine levels at 32 weeks of pregnancy. We constructed linear regression models to analyze the association between prenatal smoke exposure and anogenital distance and adjusted the models by relevant covariates. Reported prenatal smoke exposure was associated with statistically significant increased anogenital index (AGI), both at week 12 of pregnancy (β = 0.31, 95% confidence interval: 0.00, 0.63) and at week 32 of pregnancy (β = 0.31, 95% confidence interval: 0.00, 0.63) in male children, suggesting altered androgenic signaling. |
topic |
anogenital distance maternal cigarette smoking tobacco smoking endocrine-disrupting chemicals |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/9/4774 |
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