The effects of low-carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors: A meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND:Low-carbohydrate diets are associated with cardiovascular risk factors; however, the results of different studies are inconsistent. PURPOSE:The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the relationship between low-carbohydrate diets and cardiovascular risk factors. METHOD:Four electronic d...
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doaj-1bf19bcd9fc54ee09a7dcdcf00736f582021-03-03T21:19:44ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032020-01-01151e022534810.1371/journal.pone.0225348The effects of low-carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors: A meta-analysis.Tingting DongMan GuoPeiyue ZhangGuogang SunBo ChenBACKGROUND:Low-carbohydrate diets are associated with cardiovascular risk factors; however, the results of different studies are inconsistent. PURPOSE:The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the relationship between low-carbohydrate diets and cardiovascular risk factors. METHOD:Four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Medline, and the Cochrane Library) were searched from their inception to November 2018. We collected data from 12 randomized trials on low-carbohydrate diets including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, and blood pressure levels, as well as weight as the endpoints. The average difference (MD) was used as the index to measure the effect of a low-carbohydrate diet on cardiovascular risk factors with a fixed-effects model or random-effects model. The analysis was further stratified by factors that might affect the results of the intervention. RESULTS:From 1292 studies identified in the initial search results, 12 randomized studies were included in the final analysis, which showed that a low-carbohydrate diet was associated with a decrease in triglyceride levels of -0.15mmol/l (95% confidence interval -0.23 to -0.07). Low-carbohydrate diet interventions lasting less than 6 months were associated with a decrease of -0.23mmol/l (95% confidence interval -0.32 to -0.15), while those lasting 12-23 months were associated with a decrease of -0.17mmol/l (95% confidence interval -0.32 to -0.01). The change in the body weight in the observation groups was -1.58kg (95% confidence interval -1.58 to -0.75); with for less than 6 months of intervention,this change was -1.14 kg (95% confidence interval -1.65 to -0.63),and with for 6-11 months of intervention, this change was -1.73kg (95% confidence interval -2.7 to -0.76). The change in the systolic blood pressure of the observation group was -1.41mmHg (95% confidence interval-2.26 to -0.56); the change in diastolic blood pressure was -1.71mmHg (95% confidence interval-2.36 to -1.06); the change in plasma HDL-C levels was 0.1mmHg (95% confidence interval 0.08 to 0.12); and the change in serum total cholesterol was 0.13mmol/l (95% confidence interval 0.08 to 0.19). The plasma LDL-C level increased by 0.11mmol/l (95% confidence interval 0.02 to 0.19), and the fasting blood glucose level changed 0.03mmol/l (95% confidence interval -0.05 to 0.12),which was not significant. CONCLUSIONS:This meta-analysis confirms that low-carbohydrate diets have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular risk factors but that the long-term effects on cardiovascular risk factors require further research.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225348 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Tingting Dong Man Guo Peiyue Zhang Guogang Sun Bo Chen |
spellingShingle |
Tingting Dong Man Guo Peiyue Zhang Guogang Sun Bo Chen The effects of low-carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors: A meta-analysis. PLoS ONE |
author_facet |
Tingting Dong Man Guo Peiyue Zhang Guogang Sun Bo Chen |
author_sort |
Tingting Dong |
title |
The effects of low-carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors: A meta-analysis. |
title_short |
The effects of low-carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors: A meta-analysis. |
title_full |
The effects of low-carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors: A meta-analysis. |
title_fullStr |
The effects of low-carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors: A meta-analysis. |
title_full_unstemmed |
The effects of low-carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors: A meta-analysis. |
title_sort |
effects of low-carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
series |
PLoS ONE |
issn |
1932-6203 |
publishDate |
2020-01-01 |
description |
BACKGROUND:Low-carbohydrate diets are associated with cardiovascular risk factors; however, the results of different studies are inconsistent. PURPOSE:The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the relationship between low-carbohydrate diets and cardiovascular risk factors. METHOD:Four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Medline, and the Cochrane Library) were searched from their inception to November 2018. We collected data from 12 randomized trials on low-carbohydrate diets including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, and blood pressure levels, as well as weight as the endpoints. The average difference (MD) was used as the index to measure the effect of a low-carbohydrate diet on cardiovascular risk factors with a fixed-effects model or random-effects model. The analysis was further stratified by factors that might affect the results of the intervention. RESULTS:From 1292 studies identified in the initial search results, 12 randomized studies were included in the final analysis, which showed that a low-carbohydrate diet was associated with a decrease in triglyceride levels of -0.15mmol/l (95% confidence interval -0.23 to -0.07). Low-carbohydrate diet interventions lasting less than 6 months were associated with a decrease of -0.23mmol/l (95% confidence interval -0.32 to -0.15), while those lasting 12-23 months were associated with a decrease of -0.17mmol/l (95% confidence interval -0.32 to -0.01). The change in the body weight in the observation groups was -1.58kg (95% confidence interval -1.58 to -0.75); with for less than 6 months of intervention,this change was -1.14 kg (95% confidence interval -1.65 to -0.63),and with for 6-11 months of intervention, this change was -1.73kg (95% confidence interval -2.7 to -0.76). The change in the systolic blood pressure of the observation group was -1.41mmHg (95% confidence interval-2.26 to -0.56); the change in diastolic blood pressure was -1.71mmHg (95% confidence interval-2.36 to -1.06); the change in plasma HDL-C levels was 0.1mmHg (95% confidence interval 0.08 to 0.12); and the change in serum total cholesterol was 0.13mmol/l (95% confidence interval 0.08 to 0.19). The plasma LDL-C level increased by 0.11mmol/l (95% confidence interval 0.02 to 0.19), and the fasting blood glucose level changed 0.03mmol/l (95% confidence interval -0.05 to 0.12),which was not significant. CONCLUSIONS:This meta-analysis confirms that low-carbohydrate diets have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular risk factors but that the long-term effects on cardiovascular risk factors require further research. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225348 |
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