Ethephon Activates the Transcription of Senescence-Associated Genes and Nitrogen Mobilization in Grapevine Leaves (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> cv. Riesling)
Nitrogen (N) remobilization in the context of leaf senescence is of considerable importance for the viability of perennial plants. In late-ripening crops, such as <i>Vitis vinifera</i>, it may also affect berry ripening and fruit quality. Numerous studies on the model plant <i>Arab...
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doaj-1bf6b1e397ca482896d512b322a6899a2021-02-10T00:05:05ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-02-011033333310.3390/plants10020333Ethephon Activates the Transcription of Senescence-Associated Genes and Nitrogen Mobilization in Grapevine Leaves (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> cv. Riesling)Maximilian Hendgen0Stefan Günther1Sven Schubert2Otmar Löhnertz3Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Str. 1, D-65366 Geisenheim, GermanyBioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr. 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, GermanyInstitute of Plant Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26‑32, D-35392 Giessen, GermanyDepartment of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Str. 1, D-65366 Geisenheim, GermanyNitrogen (N) remobilization in the context of leaf senescence is of considerable importance for the viability of perennial plants. In late-ripening crops, such as <i>Vitis vinifera</i>, it may also affect berry ripening and fruit quality. Numerous studies on the model plant <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> have confirmed an involvement of the plant hormone ethylene in the regulation of senescence. However, ethylene research on grapevine was mostly focused on its involvement in berry ripening and stress tolerance until now. To investigate the effect of ethylene on the initiation, regulation, and progress of senescence-dependent N mobilization in grapevine leaves, we treated field-grown <i>Vitis vinifera</i> cv. Riesling vines with 25 mM ethephon at the end of berry ripening. Ethephon induced premature chlorophyll degradation and caused a shift of the leaf transcriptome equivalent to developmental leaf senescence. The upregulated metabolic processes covered the entire N remobilization process chain, altered the amino acid composition in the leaves, and resulted in an average 60% decrease in leaf N. Our findings increase the fundamental knowledge about the initiation and manipulation of leaf N remobilization in perennial woody plants by ethephon. This offers a methodological approach to the targeted induction of senescence and thus to an improvement in the N supply of grapes.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/2/333ethylenetranscriptomeleaf senescencestress response |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Maximilian Hendgen Stefan Günther Sven Schubert Otmar Löhnertz |
spellingShingle |
Maximilian Hendgen Stefan Günther Sven Schubert Otmar Löhnertz Ethephon Activates the Transcription of Senescence-Associated Genes and Nitrogen Mobilization in Grapevine Leaves (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> cv. Riesling) Plants ethylene transcriptome leaf senescence stress response |
author_facet |
Maximilian Hendgen Stefan Günther Sven Schubert Otmar Löhnertz |
author_sort |
Maximilian Hendgen |
title |
Ethephon Activates the Transcription of Senescence-Associated Genes and Nitrogen Mobilization in Grapevine Leaves (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> cv. Riesling) |
title_short |
Ethephon Activates the Transcription of Senescence-Associated Genes and Nitrogen Mobilization in Grapevine Leaves (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> cv. Riesling) |
title_full |
Ethephon Activates the Transcription of Senescence-Associated Genes and Nitrogen Mobilization in Grapevine Leaves (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> cv. Riesling) |
title_fullStr |
Ethephon Activates the Transcription of Senescence-Associated Genes and Nitrogen Mobilization in Grapevine Leaves (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> cv. Riesling) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ethephon Activates the Transcription of Senescence-Associated Genes and Nitrogen Mobilization in Grapevine Leaves (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> cv. Riesling) |
title_sort |
ethephon activates the transcription of senescence-associated genes and nitrogen mobilization in grapevine leaves (<i>vitis vinifera</i> cv. riesling) |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Plants |
issn |
2223-7747 |
publishDate |
2021-02-01 |
description |
Nitrogen (N) remobilization in the context of leaf senescence is of considerable importance for the viability of perennial plants. In late-ripening crops, such as <i>Vitis vinifera</i>, it may also affect berry ripening and fruit quality. Numerous studies on the model plant <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> have confirmed an involvement of the plant hormone ethylene in the regulation of senescence. However, ethylene research on grapevine was mostly focused on its involvement in berry ripening and stress tolerance until now. To investigate the effect of ethylene on the initiation, regulation, and progress of senescence-dependent N mobilization in grapevine leaves, we treated field-grown <i>Vitis vinifera</i> cv. Riesling vines with 25 mM ethephon at the end of berry ripening. Ethephon induced premature chlorophyll degradation and caused a shift of the leaf transcriptome equivalent to developmental leaf senescence. The upregulated metabolic processes covered the entire N remobilization process chain, altered the amino acid composition in the leaves, and resulted in an average 60% decrease in leaf N. Our findings increase the fundamental knowledge about the initiation and manipulation of leaf N remobilization in perennial woody plants by ethephon. This offers a methodological approach to the targeted induction of senescence and thus to an improvement in the N supply of grapes. |
topic |
ethylene transcriptome leaf senescence stress response |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/2/333 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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1724275720764522496 |