Treadmill Slope Modulates Inflammation, Fiber Type Composition, Androgen, and Glucocorticoid Receptors in the Skeletal Muscle of Overtrained Mice
Overtraining (OT) may be defined as an imbalance between excessive training and adequate recovery period. Recently, a downhill running-based overtraining (OTR/down) protocol induced the nonfunctional overreaching state, which is defined as a performance decrement that may be associated with psycholo...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017-10-01
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Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01378/full |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Alisson L. da Rocha Bruno C. Pereira Giovana R. Teixeira Ana P. Pinto Fabiani G. Frantz Lucila L. K. Elias Fábio S. Lira José R. Pauli Dennys E. Cintra Eduardo R. Ropelle Leandro P. de Moura Rania A. Mekary Rania A. Mekary Ellen C. de Freitas Adelino S. R. da Silva Adelino S. R. da Silva |
spellingShingle |
Alisson L. da Rocha Bruno C. Pereira Giovana R. Teixeira Ana P. Pinto Fabiani G. Frantz Lucila L. K. Elias Fábio S. Lira José R. Pauli Dennys E. Cintra Eduardo R. Ropelle Leandro P. de Moura Rania A. Mekary Rania A. Mekary Ellen C. de Freitas Adelino S. R. da Silva Adelino S. R. da Silva Treadmill Slope Modulates Inflammation, Fiber Type Composition, Androgen, and Glucocorticoid Receptors in the Skeletal Muscle of Overtrained Mice Frontiers in Immunology overtraining inflammatory signaling skeletal muscle fiber type composition androgen and glucocorticoid receptors |
author_facet |
Alisson L. da Rocha Bruno C. Pereira Giovana R. Teixeira Ana P. Pinto Fabiani G. Frantz Lucila L. K. Elias Fábio S. Lira José R. Pauli Dennys E. Cintra Eduardo R. Ropelle Leandro P. de Moura Rania A. Mekary Rania A. Mekary Ellen C. de Freitas Adelino S. R. da Silva Adelino S. R. da Silva |
author_sort |
Alisson L. da Rocha |
title |
Treadmill Slope Modulates Inflammation, Fiber Type Composition, Androgen, and Glucocorticoid Receptors in the Skeletal Muscle of Overtrained Mice |
title_short |
Treadmill Slope Modulates Inflammation, Fiber Type Composition, Androgen, and Glucocorticoid Receptors in the Skeletal Muscle of Overtrained Mice |
title_full |
Treadmill Slope Modulates Inflammation, Fiber Type Composition, Androgen, and Glucocorticoid Receptors in the Skeletal Muscle of Overtrained Mice |
title_fullStr |
Treadmill Slope Modulates Inflammation, Fiber Type Composition, Androgen, and Glucocorticoid Receptors in the Skeletal Muscle of Overtrained Mice |
title_full_unstemmed |
Treadmill Slope Modulates Inflammation, Fiber Type Composition, Androgen, and Glucocorticoid Receptors in the Skeletal Muscle of Overtrained Mice |
title_sort |
treadmill slope modulates inflammation, fiber type composition, androgen, and glucocorticoid receptors in the skeletal muscle of overtrained mice |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Immunology |
issn |
1664-3224 |
publishDate |
2017-10-01 |
description |
Overtraining (OT) may be defined as an imbalance between excessive training and adequate recovery period. Recently, a downhill running-based overtraining (OTR/down) protocol induced the nonfunctional overreaching state, which is defined as a performance decrement that may be associated with psychological and hormonal disruptions and promoted intramuscular and systemic inflammation. To discriminate the eccentric contraction effects on interleukin 1beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, IL-15, and SOCS-3, we compared the release of these cytokines in OTR/down with other two OT protocols with the same external load (i.e., the product between training intensity and volume), but performed in uphill (OTR/up) and without inclination (OTR). Also, we evaluated the effects of these OT models on the muscle morphology and fiber type composition, serum levels of fatigue markers and corticosterone, as well as androgen receptor (AR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expressions. For extensor digitorum longus (EDL), OTR/down and OTR groups increased the cytokines and exhibited micro-injuries with polymorphonuclear infiltration. While OTR/down group increased the cytokines in soleus muscle, OTR/up group only increased IL-6. All OT groups presented micro-injuries with polymorphonuclear infiltration. In serum, while OTR/down and OTR/up protocols increased IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, OTR group increased IL-1β, IL-6, IL-15, and corticosterone. The type II fibers in EDL and soleus, total and phosphorylated AR levels in soleus, and total GR levels in EDL and soleus were differentially modulated by the OT protocols. In summary, the proinflammatory cytokines were more sensitive for OTR/down than for OTR/up and OTR. Also, the specific treadmill inclination of each OT model influenced most of the other evaluated parameters. |
topic |
overtraining inflammatory signaling skeletal muscle fiber type composition androgen and glucocorticoid receptors |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01378/full |
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doaj-1cd2f189124b4471bcc9afb6a903778a2020-11-24T20:57:55ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242017-10-01810.3389/fimmu.2017.01378278899Treadmill Slope Modulates Inflammation, Fiber Type Composition, Androgen, and Glucocorticoid Receptors in the Skeletal Muscle of Overtrained MiceAlisson L. da Rocha0Bruno C. Pereira1Giovana R. Teixeira2Ana P. Pinto3Fabiani G. Frantz4Lucila L. K. Elias5Fábio S. Lira6José R. Pauli7Dennys E. Cintra8Eduardo R. Ropelle9Leandro P. de Moura10Rania A. Mekary11Rania A. Mekary12Ellen C. de Freitas13Adelino S. R. da Silva14Adelino S. R. da Silva15Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, BrazilDepartment of Physical Education, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, BrazilDepartment of Clinical, Toxicological, and Bromatological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, BrazilDepartment of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, BrazilDepartment of Physical Education, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, BrazilLaboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, BrazilLaboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, BrazilLaboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, BrazilLaboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, BrazilDepartment of Pharmaceutical Business and Administrative Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, MA, United StatesDepartment of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United StatesSchool of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, BrazilSchool of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, BrazilOvertraining (OT) may be defined as an imbalance between excessive training and adequate recovery period. Recently, a downhill running-based overtraining (OTR/down) protocol induced the nonfunctional overreaching state, which is defined as a performance decrement that may be associated with psychological and hormonal disruptions and promoted intramuscular and systemic inflammation. To discriminate the eccentric contraction effects on interleukin 1beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, IL-15, and SOCS-3, we compared the release of these cytokines in OTR/down with other two OT protocols with the same external load (i.e., the product between training intensity and volume), but performed in uphill (OTR/up) and without inclination (OTR). Also, we evaluated the effects of these OT models on the muscle morphology and fiber type composition, serum levels of fatigue markers and corticosterone, as well as androgen receptor (AR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expressions. For extensor digitorum longus (EDL), OTR/down and OTR groups increased the cytokines and exhibited micro-injuries with polymorphonuclear infiltration. While OTR/down group increased the cytokines in soleus muscle, OTR/up group only increased IL-6. All OT groups presented micro-injuries with polymorphonuclear infiltration. In serum, while OTR/down and OTR/up protocols increased IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, OTR group increased IL-1β, IL-6, IL-15, and corticosterone. The type II fibers in EDL and soleus, total and phosphorylated AR levels in soleus, and total GR levels in EDL and soleus were differentially modulated by the OT protocols. In summary, the proinflammatory cytokines were more sensitive for OTR/down than for OTR/up and OTR. Also, the specific treadmill inclination of each OT model influenced most of the other evaluated parameters.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01378/fullovertraininginflammatory signalingskeletal muscle fiber type compositionandrogen and glucocorticoid receptors |