Atmospheric Pollution and Thyroid Function of Pregnant Women in Athens, Greece: A Pilot Study
Exposure to air pollution and, in particular, to nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) or particulate pollutants less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) or 10 μm (PM10) in diameter has been linked to thyroid (dys)function in pregnant women. We hypothesized that there may be a dose—effect relationship betwe...
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doaj-1d96992dea7448ea8e4ff004aff608772020-11-25T02:26:27ZengMDPI AGMedical Sciences2076-32712020-04-018191910.3390/medsci8020019Atmospheric Pollution and Thyroid Function of Pregnant Women in Athens, Greece: A Pilot StudyIoannis Ilias0Ioannis Kakoulidis1Stefanos Togias2Stefanos Stergiotis3Aikaterini Michou4Anastasia Lekkou5Vasiliki Mastrodimou6Athina Pappa7Evangelia Venaki8Eftychia Koukkou9Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Elena Venizelou Hospital, 115 21 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Elena Venizelou Hospital, 115 21 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Elena Venizelou Hospital, 115 21 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Elena Venizelou Hospital, 115 21 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Elena Venizelou Hospital, 115 21 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Elena Venizelou Hospital, 115 21 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Elena Venizelou Hospital, 115 21 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Elena Venizelou Hospital, 115 21 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Elena Venizelou Hospital, 115 21 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Elena Venizelou Hospital, 115 21 Athens, GreeceExposure to air pollution and, in particular, to nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) or particulate pollutants less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) or 10 μm (PM10) in diameter has been linked to thyroid (dys)function in pregnant women. We hypothesized that there may be a dose—effect relationship between air pollutants and thyroid function parameters. We retrospectively evaluated thyrotropin (TSH) in 293 women, NO<sub>2</sub>, PM2.5 and PM10 levels in Athens. All the women were diagnosed with hypothyroidism for the first time during their pregnancy. Exposure to air pollution for each woman was considered according to her place of residence. Statistical analysis of age, pregnancy weight change, and air pollutants versus TSH was performed with ordinary least squares regression (OLS-R) and quantile regression (Q-R). A positive correlation for logTSH and PM2.5(<i>r</i> = +0.13, <i>p</i> = 0.02) was found, using OLS-R. Further analysis with Q-R showed that each incremental unit increase (for the 10th to the 90th response quantile) in PM2.5 increased logTSH(±SE) between +0.029 (0.001) to +0.025 (0.001) mIU/L (<i>p</i> < 0.01). The other parameters and pollutants (PM10 and NO<sub>2</sub>) had no significant effect on TSH. Our results indeed show a dose—response relationship between PM2.5 and TSH. The mechanisms involved in the pathophysiological effects of atmospheric pollutants, in particular PM2.5, are being investigated.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3271/8/2/19pregnancythyrotropinenvironmental air pollutants |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ioannis Ilias Ioannis Kakoulidis Stefanos Togias Stefanos Stergiotis Aikaterini Michou Anastasia Lekkou Vasiliki Mastrodimou Athina Pappa Evangelia Venaki Eftychia Koukkou |
spellingShingle |
Ioannis Ilias Ioannis Kakoulidis Stefanos Togias Stefanos Stergiotis Aikaterini Michou Anastasia Lekkou Vasiliki Mastrodimou Athina Pappa Evangelia Venaki Eftychia Koukkou Atmospheric Pollution and Thyroid Function of Pregnant Women in Athens, Greece: A Pilot Study Medical Sciences pregnancy thyrotropin environmental air pollutants |
author_facet |
Ioannis Ilias Ioannis Kakoulidis Stefanos Togias Stefanos Stergiotis Aikaterini Michou Anastasia Lekkou Vasiliki Mastrodimou Athina Pappa Evangelia Venaki Eftychia Koukkou |
author_sort |
Ioannis Ilias |
title |
Atmospheric Pollution and Thyroid Function of Pregnant Women in Athens, Greece: A Pilot Study |
title_short |
Atmospheric Pollution and Thyroid Function of Pregnant Women in Athens, Greece: A Pilot Study |
title_full |
Atmospheric Pollution and Thyroid Function of Pregnant Women in Athens, Greece: A Pilot Study |
title_fullStr |
Atmospheric Pollution and Thyroid Function of Pregnant Women in Athens, Greece: A Pilot Study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Atmospheric Pollution and Thyroid Function of Pregnant Women in Athens, Greece: A Pilot Study |
title_sort |
atmospheric pollution and thyroid function of pregnant women in athens, greece: a pilot study |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Medical Sciences |
issn |
2076-3271 |
publishDate |
2020-04-01 |
description |
Exposure to air pollution and, in particular, to nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) or particulate pollutants less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) or 10 μm (PM10) in diameter has been linked to thyroid (dys)function in pregnant women. We hypothesized that there may be a dose—effect relationship between air pollutants and thyroid function parameters. We retrospectively evaluated thyrotropin (TSH) in 293 women, NO<sub>2</sub>, PM2.5 and PM10 levels in Athens. All the women were diagnosed with hypothyroidism for the first time during their pregnancy. Exposure to air pollution for each woman was considered according to her place of residence. Statistical analysis of age, pregnancy weight change, and air pollutants versus TSH was performed with ordinary least squares regression (OLS-R) and quantile regression (Q-R). A positive correlation for logTSH and PM2.5(<i>r</i> = +0.13, <i>p</i> = 0.02) was found, using OLS-R. Further analysis with Q-R showed that each incremental unit increase (for the 10th to the 90th response quantile) in PM2.5 increased logTSH(±SE) between +0.029 (0.001) to +0.025 (0.001) mIU/L (<i>p</i> < 0.01). The other parameters and pollutants (PM10 and NO<sub>2</sub>) had no significant effect on TSH. Our results indeed show a dose—response relationship between PM2.5 and TSH. The mechanisms involved in the pathophysiological effects of atmospheric pollutants, in particular PM2.5, are being investigated. |
topic |
pregnancy thyrotropin environmental air pollutants |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3271/8/2/19 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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