The recent increase of atmospheric methane from 10 years of ground-based NDACC FTIR observations since 2005
Changes of atmospheric methane total columns (CH<sub>4</sub>) since 2005 have been evaluated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) solar observations carried out at 10 ground-based sites, affiliated to the Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). From this, we f...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2017-02-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/2255/2017/acp-17-2255-2017.pdf |
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doaj-1db2d16f5ea642f2a4ee8ca714593e37 |
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| record_format |
Article |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
English |
| format |
Article |
| sources |
DOAJ |
| author |
W. Bader B. Bovy S. Conway K. Strong D. Smale A. J. Turner T. Blumenstock C. Boone M. Collaud Coen A. Coulon O. Garcia D. W. T. Griffith F. Hase P. Hausmann N. Jones P. Krummel I. Murata I. Morino H. Nakajima S. O'Doherty C. Paton-Walsh J. Robinson R. Sandrin M. Schneider C. Servais R. Sussmann E. Mahieu |
| spellingShingle |
W. Bader B. Bovy S. Conway K. Strong D. Smale A. J. Turner T. Blumenstock C. Boone M. Collaud Coen A. Coulon O. Garcia D. W. T. Griffith F. Hase P. Hausmann N. Jones P. Krummel I. Murata I. Morino H. Nakajima S. O'Doherty C. Paton-Walsh J. Robinson R. Sandrin M. Schneider C. Servais R. Sussmann E. Mahieu The recent increase of atmospheric methane from 10 years of ground-based NDACC FTIR observations since 2005 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| author_facet |
W. Bader B. Bovy S. Conway K. Strong D. Smale A. J. Turner T. Blumenstock C. Boone M. Collaud Coen A. Coulon O. Garcia D. W. T. Griffith F. Hase P. Hausmann N. Jones P. Krummel I. Murata I. Morino H. Nakajima S. O'Doherty C. Paton-Walsh J. Robinson R. Sandrin M. Schneider C. Servais R. Sussmann E. Mahieu |
| author_sort |
W. Bader |
| title |
The recent increase of atmospheric methane from 10 years of ground-based NDACC FTIR observations since 2005 |
| title_short |
The recent increase of atmospheric methane from 10 years of ground-based NDACC FTIR observations since 2005 |
| title_full |
The recent increase of atmospheric methane from 10 years of ground-based NDACC FTIR observations since 2005 |
| title_fullStr |
The recent increase of atmospheric methane from 10 years of ground-based NDACC FTIR observations since 2005 |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The recent increase of atmospheric methane from 10 years of ground-based NDACC FTIR observations since 2005 |
| title_sort |
recent increase of atmospheric methane from 10 years of ground-based ndacc ftir observations since 2005 |
| publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
| series |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| issn |
1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| publishDate |
2017-02-01 |
| description |
Changes of atmospheric methane total columns (CH<sub>4</sub>) since 2005 have been
evaluated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) solar observations
carried out at 10 ground-based sites, affiliated to the Network for Detection
of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). From this, we find an increase of
atmospheric methane total columns of 0.31 ± 0.03 % year<sup>−1</sup>
(2<i>σ</i> level of uncertainty) for the 2005–2014 period. Comparisons with
in situ methane measurements at both local and global scales show good
agreement. We used the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model tagged simulation, which accounts for the contribution of each emission source and one sink in
the total methane, simulated over 2005–2012. After regridding according to
NDACC vertical layering using a conservative regridding scheme and smoothing
by convolving with respective FTIR seasonal averaging kernels, the GEOS-Chem
simulation shows an increase of atmospheric methane total columns of
0.35 ± 0.03 % year<sup>−1</sup> between 2005 and 2012, which is in
agreement with NDACC measurements over the same time period
(0.30 ± 0.04 % year<sup>−1</sup>, averaged over 10 stations). Analysis
of the GEOS-Chem-tagged simulation allows us to quantify the contribution of
each tracer to the global methane change since 2005. We find that natural
sources such as wetlands and biomass burning contribute to the interannual
variability of methane. However, anthropogenic emissions, such as coal mining,
and gas and oil transport and exploration, which are mainly emitted in the
Northern Hemisphere and act as secondary contributors to the global budget of
methane, have played a major role in the increase of atmospheric methane
observed since 2005. Based on the GEOS-Chem-tagged simulation, we discuss
possible cause(s) for the increase of methane since 2005, which is still
unexplained. |
| url |
http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/2255/2017/acp-17-2255-2017.pdf |
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doaj-1db2d16f5ea642f2a4ee8ca714593e372020-11-24T21:05:55ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242017-02-011732255227710.5194/acp-17-2255-2017The recent increase of atmospheric methane from 10 years of ground-based NDACC FTIR observations since 2005W. Bader0B. Bovy1S. Conway2K. Strong3D. Smale4A. J. Turner5T. Blumenstock6C. Boone7M. Collaud Coen8A. Coulon9O. Garcia10D. W. T. Griffith11F. Hase12P. Hausmann13N. Jones14P. Krummel15I. Murata16I. Morino17H. Nakajima18S. O'Doherty19C. Paton-Walsh20J. Robinson21R. Sandrin22M. Schneider23C. Servais24R. Sussmann25E. Mahieu26Institute of Astrophysics and Geophysics, University of Liège, Liège, BelgiumInstitute of Astrophysics and Geophysics, University of Liège, Liège, BelgiumDepartment of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A7, CanadaDepartment of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A7, CanadaNational Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, NIWA, Lauder, New ZealandSchool of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USAKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-ASF), Karlsruhe, GermanyDepartment of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, CanadaFederal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss, 1530 Payerne, SwitzerlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandIzana Atmospheric Research Centre (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia (AEMET), Izaña, SpainSchool of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, AustraliaKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-ASF), Karlsruhe, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, IMK-IFU, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, GermanySchool of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, AustraliaCSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, AustraliaGraduate School of Environment Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, JapanNational Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, JapanNational Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, JapanAtmospheric Chemistry Research Group (ACRG), School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UKSchool of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, AustraliaNational Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, NIWA, Lauder, New ZealandDepartment of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A7, CanadaKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-ASF), Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute of Astrophysics and Geophysics, University of Liège, Liège, BelgiumKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, IMK-IFU, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, GermanyInstitute of Astrophysics and Geophysics, University of Liège, Liège, BelgiumChanges of atmospheric methane total columns (CH<sub>4</sub>) since 2005 have been evaluated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) solar observations carried out at 10 ground-based sites, affiliated to the Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). From this, we find an increase of atmospheric methane total columns of 0.31 ± 0.03 % year<sup>−1</sup> (2<i>σ</i> level of uncertainty) for the 2005–2014 period. Comparisons with in situ methane measurements at both local and global scales show good agreement. We used the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model tagged simulation, which accounts for the contribution of each emission source and one sink in the total methane, simulated over 2005–2012. After regridding according to NDACC vertical layering using a conservative regridding scheme and smoothing by convolving with respective FTIR seasonal averaging kernels, the GEOS-Chem simulation shows an increase of atmospheric methane total columns of 0.35 ± 0.03 % year<sup>−1</sup> between 2005 and 2012, which is in agreement with NDACC measurements over the same time period (0.30 ± 0.04 % year<sup>−1</sup>, averaged over 10 stations). Analysis of the GEOS-Chem-tagged simulation allows us to quantify the contribution of each tracer to the global methane change since 2005. We find that natural sources such as wetlands and biomass burning contribute to the interannual variability of methane. However, anthropogenic emissions, such as coal mining, and gas and oil transport and exploration, which are mainly emitted in the Northern Hemisphere and act as secondary contributors to the global budget of methane, have played a major role in the increase of atmospheric methane observed since 2005. Based on the GEOS-Chem-tagged simulation, we discuss possible cause(s) for the increase of methane since 2005, which is still unexplained.http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/2255/2017/acp-17-2255-2017.pdf |