Population genomics and morphological features underlying the adaptive evolution of the eastern honey bee (Apis cerana)
Abstract Background The adaptation of organisms to changing environments is self-evident, with the adaptive evolution of organisms to environmental changes being a fundamental problem in evolutionary biology. Bees can pollinate in various environments and climates and play important roles in maintai...
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doaj-1df2b7bc7e6b4eab985746be3cedb8392020-11-25T04:00:54ZengBMCBMC Genomics1471-21642019-11-0120112010.1186/s12864-019-6246-4Population genomics and morphological features underlying the adaptive evolution of the eastern honey bee (Apis cerana)Li Yancan0Chao Tianle1Fan Yunhan2Lou Delong3Wang Guizhi4Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural UniversityShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural UniversityShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural UniversityShandong Apiculture Breeding of Improved Varieties and Extension CenterShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural UniversityAbstract Background The adaptation of organisms to changing environments is self-evident, with the adaptive evolution of organisms to environmental changes being a fundamental problem in evolutionary biology. Bees can pollinate in various environments and climates and play important roles in maintaining the ecological balance of the earth. Results We performed an analysis of 462 Apis cerana (A. cerana) specimens from 31 populations in 11 regions and obtained 39 representative morphological features. We selected 8 A. cerana samples from each population and performed 2b-RAD simplified genome sequencing. A total of 11,506 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci were obtained. For these SNPs, the minor allele frequency (MAF) was > 1%, the average number of unique labels for each sample was 49,055, and the average depth was 72.61x. The ratios of the unique labels of all samples were 64.27–86.33%. Conclusions Using 39 morphological characteristics as the data set, we proposed a method for the rapid classification of A. cerana. Using genomics to assess population structure and genetic diversity, we found that A. cerana has a large genetic difference at the ecotype level. A comparison of A. cerana in North China revealed that some physical obstacles, especially the overurbanization of the plains, have isolated the populations of this species. We identified several migration events in North China and Central China. By comparing the differences in the environmental changes in different regions, we found that A. cerana has strong potential for climate change and provides a theoretical basis for investigating and protecting A. cerana.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12864-019-6246-4Apis ceranaApis melliferaGenomicsPopulation geneticsGenetic differentiationPopulation structure |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Li Yancan Chao Tianle Fan Yunhan Lou Delong Wang Guizhi |
spellingShingle |
Li Yancan Chao Tianle Fan Yunhan Lou Delong Wang Guizhi Population genomics and morphological features underlying the adaptive evolution of the eastern honey bee (Apis cerana) BMC Genomics Apis cerana Apis mellifera Genomics Population genetics Genetic differentiation Population structure |
author_facet |
Li Yancan Chao Tianle Fan Yunhan Lou Delong Wang Guizhi |
author_sort |
Li Yancan |
title |
Population genomics and morphological features underlying the adaptive evolution of the eastern honey bee (Apis cerana) |
title_short |
Population genomics and morphological features underlying the adaptive evolution of the eastern honey bee (Apis cerana) |
title_full |
Population genomics and morphological features underlying the adaptive evolution of the eastern honey bee (Apis cerana) |
title_fullStr |
Population genomics and morphological features underlying the adaptive evolution of the eastern honey bee (Apis cerana) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Population genomics and morphological features underlying the adaptive evolution of the eastern honey bee (Apis cerana) |
title_sort |
population genomics and morphological features underlying the adaptive evolution of the eastern honey bee (apis cerana) |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
BMC Genomics |
issn |
1471-2164 |
publishDate |
2019-11-01 |
description |
Abstract Background The adaptation of organisms to changing environments is self-evident, with the adaptive evolution of organisms to environmental changes being a fundamental problem in evolutionary biology. Bees can pollinate in various environments and climates and play important roles in maintaining the ecological balance of the earth. Results We performed an analysis of 462 Apis cerana (A. cerana) specimens from 31 populations in 11 regions and obtained 39 representative morphological features. We selected 8 A. cerana samples from each population and performed 2b-RAD simplified genome sequencing. A total of 11,506 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci were obtained. For these SNPs, the minor allele frequency (MAF) was > 1%, the average number of unique labels for each sample was 49,055, and the average depth was 72.61x. The ratios of the unique labels of all samples were 64.27–86.33%. Conclusions Using 39 morphological characteristics as the data set, we proposed a method for the rapid classification of A. cerana. Using genomics to assess population structure and genetic diversity, we found that A. cerana has a large genetic difference at the ecotype level. A comparison of A. cerana in North China revealed that some physical obstacles, especially the overurbanization of the plains, have isolated the populations of this species. We identified several migration events in North China and Central China. By comparing the differences in the environmental changes in different regions, we found that A. cerana has strong potential for climate change and provides a theoretical basis for investigating and protecting A. cerana. |
topic |
Apis cerana Apis mellifera Genomics Population genetics Genetic differentiation Population structure |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12864-019-6246-4 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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