With or against Each Other? The Influence of a Virtual Agent’s (Non)cooperative Behavior on User’s Cooperation Behavior in the Prisoners’ Dilemma
Most applications for virtual agents require the user to cooperate. Thus, it is helpful to investigate different strategies for virtual agents to evoke the user’s cooperation. In the present work (N = 80), we experimentally tested the influence of an agent’s (non)cooperative nonverbal behavior and a...
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2018-01-01
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Series: | Advances in Human-Computer Interaction |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2589542 |
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doaj-1e0a6cb3aaba44d5863bc851ef9e20612020-11-24T21:14:26ZengHindawi LimitedAdvances in Human-Computer Interaction1687-58931687-59072018-01-01201810.1155/2018/25895422589542With or against Each Other? The Influence of a Virtual Agent’s (Non)cooperative Behavior on User’s Cooperation Behavior in the Prisoners’ DilemmaCarolin Straßmann0Astrid M. Rosenthal-von der Pütten1Nicole C. Krämer2Social Psychology: Media and Communication, University Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, GermanyIndividual and Technology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, GermanySocial Psychology: Media and Communication, University Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, GermanyMost applications for virtual agents require the user to cooperate. Thus, it is helpful to investigate different strategies for virtual agents to evoke the user’s cooperation. In the present work (N = 80), we experimentally tested the influence of an agent’s (non)cooperative nonverbal behavior and actual decision-making behavior on user’s cooperation in the Prisoners’ Dilemma considering different age groups (students and seniors). Therefore, we used a 2 (nonverbal behavior) x 2 (age group) between-subjects design in Wizard-of-Oz study. Results show age differences with seniors cooperating more often than students do. The nonverbal behavior had no effect on the users’ willingness to cooperate nor on the evaluation of the agent’s cooperativeness. However, the agent’s decision-making behavior in the game influenced the users’ willingness to cooperate. In summary, the nonverbal behavior seemed to be too subtle, while the actions of the agent were important in terms of cooperation.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2589542 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Carolin Straßmann Astrid M. Rosenthal-von der Pütten Nicole C. Krämer |
spellingShingle |
Carolin Straßmann Astrid M. Rosenthal-von der Pütten Nicole C. Krämer With or against Each Other? The Influence of a Virtual Agent’s (Non)cooperative Behavior on User’s Cooperation Behavior in the Prisoners’ Dilemma Advances in Human-Computer Interaction |
author_facet |
Carolin Straßmann Astrid M. Rosenthal-von der Pütten Nicole C. Krämer |
author_sort |
Carolin Straßmann |
title |
With or against Each Other? The Influence of a Virtual Agent’s (Non)cooperative Behavior on User’s Cooperation Behavior in the Prisoners’ Dilemma |
title_short |
With or against Each Other? The Influence of a Virtual Agent’s (Non)cooperative Behavior on User’s Cooperation Behavior in the Prisoners’ Dilemma |
title_full |
With or against Each Other? The Influence of a Virtual Agent’s (Non)cooperative Behavior on User’s Cooperation Behavior in the Prisoners’ Dilemma |
title_fullStr |
With or against Each Other? The Influence of a Virtual Agent’s (Non)cooperative Behavior on User’s Cooperation Behavior in the Prisoners’ Dilemma |
title_full_unstemmed |
With or against Each Other? The Influence of a Virtual Agent’s (Non)cooperative Behavior on User’s Cooperation Behavior in the Prisoners’ Dilemma |
title_sort |
with or against each other? the influence of a virtual agent’s (non)cooperative behavior on user’s cooperation behavior in the prisoners’ dilemma |
publisher |
Hindawi Limited |
series |
Advances in Human-Computer Interaction |
issn |
1687-5893 1687-5907 |
publishDate |
2018-01-01 |
description |
Most applications for virtual agents require the user to cooperate. Thus, it is helpful to investigate different strategies for virtual agents to evoke the user’s cooperation. In the present work (N = 80), we experimentally tested the influence of an agent’s (non)cooperative nonverbal behavior and actual decision-making behavior on user’s cooperation in the Prisoners’ Dilemma considering different age groups (students and seniors). Therefore, we used a 2 (nonverbal behavior) x 2 (age group) between-subjects design in Wizard-of-Oz study. Results show age differences with seniors cooperating more often than students do. The nonverbal behavior had no effect on the users’ willingness to cooperate nor on the evaluation of the agent’s cooperativeness. However, the agent’s decision-making behavior in the game influenced the users’ willingness to cooperate. In summary, the nonverbal behavior seemed to be too subtle, while the actions of the agent were important in terms of cooperation. |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2589542 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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