Smokeless tobacco cessation interventions: A systematic review
Background & objectives: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) consumption is a global health issue with about 350 million users and numerous adverse health consequences like oral cancer and myocardial disorders. Hence, cessation of SLT use is as essential as smoking cessation. An update on the available lite...
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2018-01-01
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doaj-1ec3c774ab91477c96fc86c8e84ad6712020-11-24T23:21:23ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsIndian Journal of Medical Research0971-59162018-01-01148439641010.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1983_17Smokeless tobacco cessation interventions: A systematic reviewSuzanne Tanya NethanDhirendra Narain SinhaKumar ChandanRavi MehrotraBackground & objectives: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) consumption is a global health issue with about 350 million users and numerous adverse health consequences like oral cancer and myocardial disorders. Hence, cessation of SLT use is as essential as smoking cessation. An update on the available literature on SLT cessation intervention studies is provided here. Methods: Through an extensive literature search on SLT cessation intervention studies, using keywords such as smokeless tobacco, cessation, interventions, quitlines, brief advice, nicotine replacement therapy, nicotine gum, nicotine lozenge, nicotine patch, bupropion, varenicline, mHealth, etc., 59 eligible studies were selected. Furthermore, efficacy of the interventions was assessed from the reported risk ratios (RRs) [confidence intervals (CIs)] and quit rates. Results: Studies were conducted in Scandinavia, India, United Kingdom, Pakistan and the United States of America, with variable follow up periods of one month to 10 years. Behavioural interventions alone showed high efficacy in SLT cessation; most studies were conducted among adults and showed positive effects, i.e. RR [CI] 0.87 [0.7, 1.09] to 3.84 [2.33, 6.33], quit rate between 9-51.5 per cent, at six months. Regular telephone support/quitlines also proved beneficial. Among pharmacological modalities, nicotine lozenges and varenicline proved efficacious in SLT cessation. Interpretation & conclusions: Globally, there is limited information available on SLT cessation intervention trials, research on which must be encouraged, especially in the low-resource, high SLT burden countries; behavioural interventions are most suitable for such settings. Appropriate training/sensitization of healthcare professionals, and school-based SLT use prevention and cessation programmes need to be encouraged.http://www.ijmr.org.in/article.asp?issn=0971-5916;year=2018;volume=148;issue=4;spage=396;epage=410;aulast=NethanBehavioural - intervention - nicotine replacement therapy - smokeless tobacco - tobacco dependence - tobacco use cessation |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Suzanne Tanya Nethan Dhirendra Narain Sinha Kumar Chandan Ravi Mehrotra |
spellingShingle |
Suzanne Tanya Nethan Dhirendra Narain Sinha Kumar Chandan Ravi Mehrotra Smokeless tobacco cessation interventions: A systematic review Indian Journal of Medical Research Behavioural - intervention - nicotine replacement therapy - smokeless tobacco - tobacco dependence - tobacco use cessation |
author_facet |
Suzanne Tanya Nethan Dhirendra Narain Sinha Kumar Chandan Ravi Mehrotra |
author_sort |
Suzanne Tanya Nethan |
title |
Smokeless tobacco cessation interventions: A systematic review |
title_short |
Smokeless tobacco cessation interventions: A systematic review |
title_full |
Smokeless tobacco cessation interventions: A systematic review |
title_fullStr |
Smokeless tobacco cessation interventions: A systematic review |
title_full_unstemmed |
Smokeless tobacco cessation interventions: A systematic review |
title_sort |
smokeless tobacco cessation interventions: a systematic review |
publisher |
Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
series |
Indian Journal of Medical Research |
issn |
0971-5916 |
publishDate |
2018-01-01 |
description |
Background & objectives: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) consumption is a global health issue with about 350 million users and numerous adverse health consequences like oral cancer and myocardial disorders. Hence, cessation of SLT use is as essential as smoking cessation. An update on the available literature on SLT cessation intervention studies is provided here.
Methods: Through an extensive literature search on SLT cessation intervention studies, using keywords such as smokeless tobacco, cessation, interventions, quitlines, brief advice, nicotine replacement therapy, nicotine gum, nicotine lozenge, nicotine patch, bupropion, varenicline, mHealth, etc., 59 eligible studies were selected. Furthermore, efficacy of the interventions was assessed from the reported risk ratios (RRs) [confidence intervals (CIs)] and quit rates.
Results: Studies were conducted in Scandinavia, India, United Kingdom, Pakistan and the United States of America, with variable follow up periods of one month to 10 years. Behavioural interventions alone showed high efficacy in SLT cessation; most studies were conducted among adults and showed positive effects, i.e. RR [CI] 0.87 [0.7, 1.09] to 3.84 [2.33, 6.33], quit rate between 9-51.5 per cent, at six months. Regular telephone support/quitlines also proved beneficial. Among pharmacological modalities, nicotine lozenges and varenicline proved efficacious in SLT cessation.
Interpretation & conclusions: Globally, there is limited information available on SLT cessation intervention trials, research on which must be encouraged, especially in the low-resource, high SLT burden countries; behavioural interventions are most suitable for such settings. Appropriate training/sensitization of healthcare professionals, and school-based SLT use prevention and cessation programmes need to be encouraged. |
topic |
Behavioural - intervention - nicotine replacement therapy - smokeless tobacco - tobacco dependence - tobacco use cessation |
url |
http://www.ijmr.org.in/article.asp?issn=0971-5916;year=2018;volume=148;issue=4;spage=396;epage=410;aulast=Nethan |
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