Multi-Party Energy Management for Clusters of Roof Leased PV Prosumers: A Game Theoretical Approach

• Main Authors: Nian Liu, Cheng Wang, Xinhao Lin, Jinyong Lei
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2016-07-01
• Series: Energies
• Subjects: photovoltaic cluster; dynamic price; demand response; non-cooperative game; Nash Equilibrium
• Online Access: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/9/7/536

The roof-leased business mode is an important development method for the distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems. In this paper, the benefits of the PV energy are considered in a PV cluster (PVC) consisting of a certain number of prosumers and a PVC operator (PVCO). In order to distribute the benefits, a multi-party energy management method for the PVC is proposed, including an internal pricing model and a demand response (DR) model. First, the dynamic internal pricing model for the trading between PVCO and prosumers is formulated according to the economic principle of demand and supply relation. Moreover, in order to improve the local consumption of PV energy, the DR model is formulated as a non-cooperative game among the prosumers. Meanwhile, the existence and uniqueness of the Nash Equilibrium (NE) are proved, and a distributed solving algorithm is introduced to approach the NE solution. Finally, the PVC including four prosumers is selected as the study object, the results have shown that the internal pricing model and DR model can improve the benefit of both prosumers and PVCO, as well as the local consumption of PV energy.