Glioblastoma-synthesized G-CSF and GM-CSF contribute to growth and immunosuppression: Potential therapeutic benefit from dapsone, fenofibrate, and ribavirin
Increased ratio of circulating neutrophils to lymphocytes is a common finding in glioblastoma and other cancers. Data reviewed establish that any damage to brain tissue tends to cause an increase in G-CSF and/or GM-CSF (G(M)-CSF) synthesized by the brain. Glioblastoma cells themselves also synthesiz...
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doaj-1f37184334fb4ccbbd7dd8ef9dd87e852021-05-02T22:30:38ZengIOS PressTumor Biology1423-03802017-04-013910.1177/1010428317699797Glioblastoma-synthesized G-CSF and GM-CSF contribute to growth and immunosuppression: Potential therapeutic benefit from dapsone, fenofibrate, and ribavirinRichard E Kast0Quentin A Hill1Didier Wion2Håkan Mellstedt3Daniele Focosi4Georg Karpel-Massler5Tim Heiland6Marc-Eric Halatsch7IIAIGC Study Center, Burlington, VT, USADepartment of Haematology, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UKINSERM U1205, Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Edmond J. Safra, Grenoble, FranceDepartment of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, SwedenNorth-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, GermanyDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, GermanyDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, GermanyIncreased ratio of circulating neutrophils to lymphocytes is a common finding in glioblastoma and other cancers. Data reviewed establish that any damage to brain tissue tends to cause an increase in G-CSF and/or GM-CSF (G(M)-CSF) synthesized by the brain. Glioblastoma cells themselves also synthesize G(M)-CSF. G(M)-CSF synthesized by brain due to damage by a growing tumor and by the tumor itself stimulates bone marrow to shift hematopoiesis toward granulocytic lineages away from lymphocytic lineages. This shift is immunosuppressive and generates the relative lymphopenia characteristic of glioblastoma. Any trauma to brain—be it blunt, sharp, ischemic, infectious, cytotoxic, tumor encroachment, or radiation—increases brain synthesis of G(M)-CSF. G(M)-CSF are growth and motility enhancing factors for glioblastomas. High levels of G(M)-CSF contribute to the characteristic neutrophilia and lymphopenia of glioblastoma. Hematopoietic bone marrow becomes entrained with, directed by, and contributes to glioblastoma pathology. The antibiotic dapsone, the lipid-lowering agent fenofibrate, and the antiviral drug ribavirin are Food and Drug Administration– and European Medicines Agency–approved medicines that have potential to lower synthesis or effects of G(M)-CSF and thus deprive a glioblastoma of some of the growth promoting contributions of bone marrow and G(M)-CSF.https://doi.org/10.1177/1010428317699797 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Richard E Kast Quentin A Hill Didier Wion Håkan Mellstedt Daniele Focosi Georg Karpel-Massler Tim Heiland Marc-Eric Halatsch |
spellingShingle |
Richard E Kast Quentin A Hill Didier Wion Håkan Mellstedt Daniele Focosi Georg Karpel-Massler Tim Heiland Marc-Eric Halatsch Glioblastoma-synthesized G-CSF and GM-CSF contribute to growth and immunosuppression: Potential therapeutic benefit from dapsone, fenofibrate, and ribavirin Tumor Biology |
author_facet |
Richard E Kast Quentin A Hill Didier Wion Håkan Mellstedt Daniele Focosi Georg Karpel-Massler Tim Heiland Marc-Eric Halatsch |
author_sort |
Richard E Kast |
title |
Glioblastoma-synthesized G-CSF and GM-CSF contribute to growth and immunosuppression: Potential therapeutic benefit from dapsone, fenofibrate, and ribavirin |
title_short |
Glioblastoma-synthesized G-CSF and GM-CSF contribute to growth and immunosuppression: Potential therapeutic benefit from dapsone, fenofibrate, and ribavirin |
title_full |
Glioblastoma-synthesized G-CSF and GM-CSF contribute to growth and immunosuppression: Potential therapeutic benefit from dapsone, fenofibrate, and ribavirin |
title_fullStr |
Glioblastoma-synthesized G-CSF and GM-CSF contribute to growth and immunosuppression: Potential therapeutic benefit from dapsone, fenofibrate, and ribavirin |
title_full_unstemmed |
Glioblastoma-synthesized G-CSF and GM-CSF contribute to growth and immunosuppression: Potential therapeutic benefit from dapsone, fenofibrate, and ribavirin |
title_sort |
glioblastoma-synthesized g-csf and gm-csf contribute to growth and immunosuppression: potential therapeutic benefit from dapsone, fenofibrate, and ribavirin |
publisher |
IOS Press |
series |
Tumor Biology |
issn |
1423-0380 |
publishDate |
2017-04-01 |
description |
Increased ratio of circulating neutrophils to lymphocytes is a common finding in glioblastoma and other cancers. Data reviewed establish that any damage to brain tissue tends to cause an increase in G-CSF and/or GM-CSF (G(M)-CSF) synthesized by the brain. Glioblastoma cells themselves also synthesize G(M)-CSF. G(M)-CSF synthesized by brain due to damage by a growing tumor and by the tumor itself stimulates bone marrow to shift hematopoiesis toward granulocytic lineages away from lymphocytic lineages. This shift is immunosuppressive and generates the relative lymphopenia characteristic of glioblastoma. Any trauma to brain—be it blunt, sharp, ischemic, infectious, cytotoxic, tumor encroachment, or radiation—increases brain synthesis of G(M)-CSF. G(M)-CSF are growth and motility enhancing factors for glioblastomas. High levels of G(M)-CSF contribute to the characteristic neutrophilia and lymphopenia of glioblastoma. Hematopoietic bone marrow becomes entrained with, directed by, and contributes to glioblastoma pathology. The antibiotic dapsone, the lipid-lowering agent fenofibrate, and the antiviral drug ribavirin are Food and Drug Administration– and European Medicines Agency–approved medicines that have potential to lower synthesis or effects of G(M)-CSF and thus deprive a glioblastoma of some of the growth promoting contributions of bone marrow and G(M)-CSF. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1177/1010428317699797 |
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