Global sounding of F region irregularities by COSMIC during a geomagnetic storm

• Main Authors: K. Hocke, H. Liu, N. Pedatella, G. Ma
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Copernicus Publications 2019-04-01
• Series: Annales Geophysicae
• Online Access: https://www.ann-geophys.net/37/235/2019/angeo-37-235-2019.pdf

<p>We analyse reprocessed electron density profiles and total electron content (TEC) profiles of the ionosphere in September 2008 (around solar minimum) and September 2013 (around solar maximum) obtained by the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3). The TEC profiles describe the total electron content along the ray path from the GPS satellite to the low Earth orbit as function of the tangent point of the ray. Some of the profiles in the magnetic polar regions show small-scale fluctuations on spatial scales <span class="inline-formula">&lt;50</span>&thinsp;km. Possibly the trajectory of the tangent point intersects spatial electron density irregularities in the magnetic polar region. For derivation of the morphology of the electron density and TEC fluctuations, a 50&thinsp;km high-pass filter is applied in the <span class="inline-formula"><i>s</i></span> domain, where <span class="inline-formula"><i>s</i></span> is the distance between a reference point (bottom tangent point) and the tangent point. For each profile, the mean of the fluctuations is calculated for tangent point altitudes between 400 and 500&thinsp;km. At first glance, the global maps of <span class="inline-formula">Δ<i>N</i>_e</span> and <span class="inline-formula">Δ</span>TEC are quite similar. However, <span class="inline-formula">Δ</span>TEC might be more reliable since it is based on fewer retrieval assumptions. We find a significant difference if the arithmetic mean or the median is applied to the global map of September 2013. In agreement with literature, <span class="inline-formula">Δ</span>TEC is enhanced during the post-sunset rise of the equatorial ionosphere in September 2013, which is associated with spread F and equatorial plasma bubbles. The global map of <span class="inline-formula">Δ</span>TEC at solar maximum (September 2013) has stronger fluctuations than those at solar minimum (September 2008). We obtained new results when we compare the global maps of the quiet phase and the storm phase of the geomagnetic storm of 15 July 2012. It is evident that the TEC fluctuations are increased and extended over the southern magnetic polar region at the day of the geomagnetic storm. The north–south asymmetry of the storm response is more pronounced in the upper ionosphere (ray tangent points <span class="inline-formula"><i>h</i></span>&thinsp;<span class="inline-formula">=</span>&thinsp;400–500&thinsp;km) than in the lower ionosphere (ray tangent points <span class="inline-formula"><i>h</i></span>&thinsp;<span class="inline-formula">=</span>&thinsp;200–300&thinsp;km).</p>