Avian influenza (H5N1) virus of clade 2.3.2 in domestic poultry in India.
South Asia has experienced regular outbreaks of H5N1 avian influenza virus since its first detection in India and Pakistan in February, 2006. Till 2009, the outbreaks in this region were due to clade 2.2 H5N1 virus. In 2010, Nepal reported the first outbreak of clade 2.3.2 virus in South Asia. In Fe...
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doaj-1ffbf0a2b172440cbe1f6e20b0b8092e2020-11-25T01:05:49ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032012-01-0172e3184410.1371/journal.pone.0031844Avian influenza (H5N1) virus of clade 2.3.2 in domestic poultry in India.Shanmuga NagarajanChakradhar ToshDavid K SmithJoseph Sriyal Malik PeirisHarshad Vinayakrao MurugkarRajangam SrideviManoj KumarMegha KatareRajlaxmi JainZohra SyedPadmanava BeheraChung L CheungRekha KhandiaSushil TripathiYi GuanShiv Chandra DubeySouth Asia has experienced regular outbreaks of H5N1 avian influenza virus since its first detection in India and Pakistan in February, 2006. Till 2009, the outbreaks in this region were due to clade 2.2 H5N1 virus. In 2010, Nepal reported the first outbreak of clade 2.3.2 virus in South Asia. In February 2011, two outbreaks of H5N1 virus were reported in the State of Tripura in India. The antigenic and genetic analyses of seven H5N1 viruses isolated during these outbreaks were carried out. Antigenic analysis confirmed 64 to 256-fold reduction in cross reactivity compared with clade 2.2 viruses. The intravenous pathogenicity index of the isolates ranged from 2.80-2.95 indicating high pathogenicity to chickens. Sequencing of all the eight gene-segments of seven H5N1 viruses isolated in these outbreaks was carried out. The predicted amino acid sequence analysis revealed high pathogenicity to chickens and susceptibility to the antivirals, amantadine and oseltamivir. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that these viruses belong to clade 2.3.2.1 and were distinct to the clade 2.3.2.1 viruses isolated in Nepal. Identification of new clade 2.3.2 H5N1 viruses in South Asia is reminiscent of the introduction of clade 2.2 viruses in this region in 2006/7. It is now important to monitor whether the clade 2.3.2.1 is replacing clade 2.2 in this region or co-circulating with it. Continued co-circulation of various subclades of the H5N1 virus which are more adapted to land based poultry in a highly populated region such as South Asia increases the risk of evolution of pandemic H5N1 strains.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3282738?pdf=render |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Shanmuga Nagarajan Chakradhar Tosh David K Smith Joseph Sriyal Malik Peiris Harshad Vinayakrao Murugkar Rajangam Sridevi Manoj Kumar Megha Katare Rajlaxmi Jain Zohra Syed Padmanava Behera Chung L Cheung Rekha Khandia Sushil Tripathi Yi Guan Shiv Chandra Dubey |
spellingShingle |
Shanmuga Nagarajan Chakradhar Tosh David K Smith Joseph Sriyal Malik Peiris Harshad Vinayakrao Murugkar Rajangam Sridevi Manoj Kumar Megha Katare Rajlaxmi Jain Zohra Syed Padmanava Behera Chung L Cheung Rekha Khandia Sushil Tripathi Yi Guan Shiv Chandra Dubey Avian influenza (H5N1) virus of clade 2.3.2 in domestic poultry in India. PLoS ONE |
author_facet |
Shanmuga Nagarajan Chakradhar Tosh David K Smith Joseph Sriyal Malik Peiris Harshad Vinayakrao Murugkar Rajangam Sridevi Manoj Kumar Megha Katare Rajlaxmi Jain Zohra Syed Padmanava Behera Chung L Cheung Rekha Khandia Sushil Tripathi Yi Guan Shiv Chandra Dubey |
author_sort |
Shanmuga Nagarajan |
title |
Avian influenza (H5N1) virus of clade 2.3.2 in domestic poultry in India. |
title_short |
Avian influenza (H5N1) virus of clade 2.3.2 in domestic poultry in India. |
title_full |
Avian influenza (H5N1) virus of clade 2.3.2 in domestic poultry in India. |
title_fullStr |
Avian influenza (H5N1) virus of clade 2.3.2 in domestic poultry in India. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Avian influenza (H5N1) virus of clade 2.3.2 in domestic poultry in India. |
title_sort |
avian influenza (h5n1) virus of clade 2.3.2 in domestic poultry in india. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
series |
PLoS ONE |
issn |
1932-6203 |
publishDate |
2012-01-01 |
description |
South Asia has experienced regular outbreaks of H5N1 avian influenza virus since its first detection in India and Pakistan in February, 2006. Till 2009, the outbreaks in this region were due to clade 2.2 H5N1 virus. In 2010, Nepal reported the first outbreak of clade 2.3.2 virus in South Asia. In February 2011, two outbreaks of H5N1 virus were reported in the State of Tripura in India. The antigenic and genetic analyses of seven H5N1 viruses isolated during these outbreaks were carried out. Antigenic analysis confirmed 64 to 256-fold reduction in cross reactivity compared with clade 2.2 viruses. The intravenous pathogenicity index of the isolates ranged from 2.80-2.95 indicating high pathogenicity to chickens. Sequencing of all the eight gene-segments of seven H5N1 viruses isolated in these outbreaks was carried out. The predicted amino acid sequence analysis revealed high pathogenicity to chickens and susceptibility to the antivirals, amantadine and oseltamivir. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that these viruses belong to clade 2.3.2.1 and were distinct to the clade 2.3.2.1 viruses isolated in Nepal. Identification of new clade 2.3.2 H5N1 viruses in South Asia is reminiscent of the introduction of clade 2.2 viruses in this region in 2006/7. It is now important to monitor whether the clade 2.3.2.1 is replacing clade 2.2 in this region or co-circulating with it. Continued co-circulation of various subclades of the H5N1 virus which are more adapted to land based poultry in a highly populated region such as South Asia increases the risk of evolution of pandemic H5N1 strains. |
url |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3282738?pdf=render |
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