Single laser pulse generates dual photoacoustic signals for differential contrast photoacoustic imaging

Abstract Photoacoustic sensing and imaging techniques have been studied widely to explore optical absorption contrast based on nanosecond laser illumination. In this paper, we report a long laser pulse induced dual photoacoustic (LDPA) nonlinear effect, which originates from unsatisfied stress and t...

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Main Authors: Fei Gao, Xiaohua Feng, Ruochong Zhang, Siyu Liu, Ran Ding, Rahul Kishor, Yuanjin Zheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2017-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-00725-4
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spelling doaj-204227ad6fe94801ba2ea1cf52ddcdd92020-12-08T00:07:53ZengNature Publishing GroupScientific Reports2045-23222017-04-017111210.1038/s41598-017-00725-4Single laser pulse generates dual photoacoustic signals for differential contrast photoacoustic imagingFei Gao0Xiaohua Feng1Ruochong Zhang2Siyu Liu3Ran Ding4Rahul Kishor5Yuanjin Zheng6School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological UniversitySchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological UniversitySchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological UniversitySchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological UniversitySchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological UniversitySchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological UniversitySchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological UniversityAbstract Photoacoustic sensing and imaging techniques have been studied widely to explore optical absorption contrast based on nanosecond laser illumination. In this paper, we report a long laser pulse induced dual photoacoustic (LDPA) nonlinear effect, which originates from unsatisfied stress and thermal confinements. Being different from conventional short laser pulse illumination, the proposed method utilizes a long square-profile laser pulse to induce dual photoacoustic signals. Without satisfying the stress confinement, the dual photoacoustic signals are generated following the positive and negative edges of the long laser pulse. More interestingly, the first expansion-induced photoacoustic signal exhibits positive waveform due to the initial sharp rising of temperature. On the contrary, the second contraction-induced photoacoustic signal exhibits exactly negative waveform due to the falling of temperature, as well as pulse-width-dependent signal amplitude. An analytical model is derived to describe the generation of the dual photoacoustic pulses, incorporating Gruneisen saturation and thermal diffusion effect, which is experimentally proved. Lastly, an alternate of LDPA technique using quasi-CW laser excitation is also introduced and demonstrated for both super-contrast in vitro and in vivo imaging. Compared with existing nonlinear PA techniques, the proposed LDPA nonlinear effect could enable a much broader range of potential applications.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-00725-4
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Fei Gao
Xiaohua Feng
Ruochong Zhang
Siyu Liu
Ran Ding
Rahul Kishor
Yuanjin Zheng
spellingShingle Fei Gao
Xiaohua Feng
Ruochong Zhang
Siyu Liu
Ran Ding
Rahul Kishor
Yuanjin Zheng
Single laser pulse generates dual photoacoustic signals for differential contrast photoacoustic imaging
Scientific Reports
author_facet Fei Gao
Xiaohua Feng
Ruochong Zhang
Siyu Liu
Ran Ding
Rahul Kishor
Yuanjin Zheng
author_sort Fei Gao
title Single laser pulse generates dual photoacoustic signals for differential contrast photoacoustic imaging
title_short Single laser pulse generates dual photoacoustic signals for differential contrast photoacoustic imaging
title_full Single laser pulse generates dual photoacoustic signals for differential contrast photoacoustic imaging
title_fullStr Single laser pulse generates dual photoacoustic signals for differential contrast photoacoustic imaging
title_full_unstemmed Single laser pulse generates dual photoacoustic signals for differential contrast photoacoustic imaging
title_sort single laser pulse generates dual photoacoustic signals for differential contrast photoacoustic imaging
publisher Nature Publishing Group
series Scientific Reports
issn 2045-2322
publishDate 2017-04-01
description Abstract Photoacoustic sensing and imaging techniques have been studied widely to explore optical absorption contrast based on nanosecond laser illumination. In this paper, we report a long laser pulse induced dual photoacoustic (LDPA) nonlinear effect, which originates from unsatisfied stress and thermal confinements. Being different from conventional short laser pulse illumination, the proposed method utilizes a long square-profile laser pulse to induce dual photoacoustic signals. Without satisfying the stress confinement, the dual photoacoustic signals are generated following the positive and negative edges of the long laser pulse. More interestingly, the first expansion-induced photoacoustic signal exhibits positive waveform due to the initial sharp rising of temperature. On the contrary, the second contraction-induced photoacoustic signal exhibits exactly negative waveform due to the falling of temperature, as well as pulse-width-dependent signal amplitude. An analytical model is derived to describe the generation of the dual photoacoustic pulses, incorporating Gruneisen saturation and thermal diffusion effect, which is experimentally proved. Lastly, an alternate of LDPA technique using quasi-CW laser excitation is also introduced and demonstrated for both super-contrast in vitro and in vivo imaging. Compared with existing nonlinear PA techniques, the proposed LDPA nonlinear effect could enable a much broader range of potential applications.
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-00725-4
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