Risk Assessment for Breast Cancer Development and Its Clinical Impact on Screening Performance in Iranian Women
Maryam Nikpour,1 Karimollah Hajian-Tilaki,2 Afsaneh Bakhtiari3 1Student Research Committee, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; 2Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; 3Department...
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doaj-2067c6095d76412eaafcff822e91f9382020-11-24T21:44:52ZengDove Medical PressCancer Management and Research1179-13222019-11-01Volume 11100731008250110Risk Assessment for Breast Cancer Development and Its Clinical Impact on Screening Performance in Iranian WomenNikpour MHajian-Tilaki KBakhtiari AMaryam Nikpour,1 Karimollah Hajian-Tilaki,2 Afsaneh Bakhtiari3 1Student Research Committee, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; 2Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; 3Department of Midwifery, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranCorrespondence: Karimollah Hajian-TilakiDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranEmail drhajian@yahoo.comIntroduction: The aim of this study is to estimate the objective and subjective risk and to examine their associations with three forms of breast cancer screening.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 800 women aged 35–85 years from the community setting and outpatient clinic in Babol, the north of Iran. The demographic, socio-economic characteristics and the risk factor profiles were collected through in-person interview. The health belief model (HBM) and visual analog scales were used to assess the women’s perceived risk of breast cancer. The practice of women regarding breast self-examination (BSE), breast clinical examination (BCE), and mammography were measured. We used the Gail model in estimating 5-year and lifetime risk. The logistic regression model was applied to determine the relationship of calculated and perceived risk on screening behaviors.Results: The mean of estimated 5-year and lifetime risk were 0.89 ±0.89 and 8.87 ±3.84 percent respectively while the perceived personal risk on visual scale perception was much greater than the calculated risk. The high 5-year calculated risk was a predictor of mammography practice but not BSE and BCE; however, after adjusting the subscales of HBM and socio-demographic characteristics, its effect remained significant (adjusted OR=1.97(95% CI: 1.02–3.08)). The perceived risk from HBM in particular self-efficacy (p=0.001) remained positively significant on all forms of screening practice.Conclusion: While the perceived risk from HBM scale was meaningful in screening performance, the calculated risk from the Gail model had a clinical impact on mammography behaviors independent of HBM scales.Keywords: breast cancer risk, the Gail model, the health belief model, perceived risk, the estimated risk, screening behaviorshttps://www.dovepress.com/risk-assessment-for-breast-cancer-development-and-its-clinical-impact--peer-reviewed-article-CMARbreast cancer riskthe gail modelthe health belief modelperceived riskthe estimated riskscreening behaviors. |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Nikpour M Hajian-Tilaki K Bakhtiari A |
spellingShingle |
Nikpour M Hajian-Tilaki K Bakhtiari A Risk Assessment for Breast Cancer Development and Its Clinical Impact on Screening Performance in Iranian Women Cancer Management and Research breast cancer risk the gail model the health belief model perceived risk the estimated risk screening behaviors. |
author_facet |
Nikpour M Hajian-Tilaki K Bakhtiari A |
author_sort |
Nikpour M |
title |
Risk Assessment for Breast Cancer Development and Its Clinical Impact on Screening Performance in Iranian Women |
title_short |
Risk Assessment for Breast Cancer Development and Its Clinical Impact on Screening Performance in Iranian Women |
title_full |
Risk Assessment for Breast Cancer Development and Its Clinical Impact on Screening Performance in Iranian Women |
title_fullStr |
Risk Assessment for Breast Cancer Development and Its Clinical Impact on Screening Performance in Iranian Women |
title_full_unstemmed |
Risk Assessment for Breast Cancer Development and Its Clinical Impact on Screening Performance in Iranian Women |
title_sort |
risk assessment for breast cancer development and its clinical impact on screening performance in iranian women |
publisher |
Dove Medical Press |
series |
Cancer Management and Research |
issn |
1179-1322 |
publishDate |
2019-11-01 |
description |
Maryam Nikpour,1 Karimollah Hajian-Tilaki,2 Afsaneh Bakhtiari3 1Student Research Committee, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; 2Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; 3Department of Midwifery, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranCorrespondence: Karimollah Hajian-TilakiDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranEmail drhajian@yahoo.comIntroduction: The aim of this study is to estimate the objective and subjective risk and to examine their associations with three forms of breast cancer screening.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 800 women aged 35–85 years from the community setting and outpatient clinic in Babol, the north of Iran. The demographic, socio-economic characteristics and the risk factor profiles were collected through in-person interview. The health belief model (HBM) and visual analog scales were used to assess the women’s perceived risk of breast cancer. The practice of women regarding breast self-examination (BSE), breast clinical examination (BCE), and mammography were measured. We used the Gail model in estimating 5-year and lifetime risk. The logistic regression model was applied to determine the relationship of calculated and perceived risk on screening behaviors.Results: The mean of estimated 5-year and lifetime risk were 0.89 ±0.89 and 8.87 ±3.84 percent respectively while the perceived personal risk on visual scale perception was much greater than the calculated risk. The high 5-year calculated risk was a predictor of mammography practice but not BSE and BCE; however, after adjusting the subscales of HBM and socio-demographic characteristics, its effect remained significant (adjusted OR=1.97(95% CI: 1.02–3.08)). The perceived risk from HBM in particular self-efficacy (p=0.001) remained positively significant on all forms of screening practice.Conclusion: While the perceived risk from HBM scale was meaningful in screening performance, the calculated risk from the Gail model had a clinical impact on mammography behaviors independent of HBM scales.Keywords: breast cancer risk, the Gail model, the health belief model, perceived risk, the estimated risk, screening behaviors |
topic |
breast cancer risk the gail model the health belief model perceived risk the estimated risk screening behaviors. |
url |
https://www.dovepress.com/risk-assessment-for-breast-cancer-development-and-its-clinical-impact--peer-reviewed-article-CMAR |
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