Flash Flood Early Warning Coupled with Hydrological Simulation and the Rising Rate of the Flood Stage in a Mountainous Small Watershed in Sichuan Province, China
Flash floods in mountainous areas have become more severe and frequent as a result of climate change and are a threat to public safety and social development. This study explores the application of distributed hydrological models in flash floods risk management in a small watershed in Sichuan Provin...
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doaj-207b897b046a433d97b67663d025d8512020-11-25T01:42:36ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412020-01-0112125510.3390/w12010255w12010255Flash Flood Early Warning Coupled with Hydrological Simulation and the Rising Rate of the Flood Stage in a Mountainous Small Watershed in Sichuan Province, ChinaHuawei Tu0Xiekang Wang1Wanshun Zhang2Hong Peng3Qian Ke4Xiaomin Chen5School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610065, ChinaSchool of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, ChinaSchool of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaDepartment of Hydraulic Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628 CN, The NetherlandsSchool of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, ChinaFlash floods in mountainous areas have become more severe and frequent as a result of climate change and are a threat to public safety and social development. This study explores the application of distributed hydrological models in flash floods risk management in a small watershed in Sichuan Province, China, and aims to increase early warning lead time in mountainous areas. The Hydrologic Engineering Center’s Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) model was used to simulate the flash flood process and analyze the variation in flood hydrographs. First, the HEC-HMS model was established based on geospatial data and the river network shape, and eight heavy rainfall events from 2010 to 2015 were used for model calibration and validation, showing that the HEC-HMS model was effective for the simulation of mountain floods in the study area. Second, with the assumption that rainfall and flood events have the same frequency, the flood hydrographs with different frequencies (p = 1%, 2%, 5%, and 10%) were calculated by the HEC-HMS model. The rising limbs of the flood hydrographs were significantly different and can be divided into three parts (0−5 h, 6−10 h, and 11−15 h). The rising rate of the flood stage for each part of the flood hydrograph increases in multiples. According to the analysis of the flood hydrographs, two critical early warning indicators with an invention patent were determined in the study: the flood stage for immediate evacuation and the rising rate. The application of the indicators in the study shows that it is feasible to advance the time of issuing an early warning signal, and it is expected that the indicators can offer a reference for flash flood early warning in the study area and other small watersheds in mountainous areas.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/1/255flash floodsearly warning indicatorshec-hms modelsmall watershedmountainous area |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Huawei Tu Xiekang Wang Wanshun Zhang Hong Peng Qian Ke Xiaomin Chen |
spellingShingle |
Huawei Tu Xiekang Wang Wanshun Zhang Hong Peng Qian Ke Xiaomin Chen Flash Flood Early Warning Coupled with Hydrological Simulation and the Rising Rate of the Flood Stage in a Mountainous Small Watershed in Sichuan Province, China Water flash floods early warning indicators hec-hms model small watershed mountainous area |
author_facet |
Huawei Tu Xiekang Wang Wanshun Zhang Hong Peng Qian Ke Xiaomin Chen |
author_sort |
Huawei Tu |
title |
Flash Flood Early Warning Coupled with Hydrological Simulation and the Rising Rate of the Flood Stage in a Mountainous Small Watershed in Sichuan Province, China |
title_short |
Flash Flood Early Warning Coupled with Hydrological Simulation and the Rising Rate of the Flood Stage in a Mountainous Small Watershed in Sichuan Province, China |
title_full |
Flash Flood Early Warning Coupled with Hydrological Simulation and the Rising Rate of the Flood Stage in a Mountainous Small Watershed in Sichuan Province, China |
title_fullStr |
Flash Flood Early Warning Coupled with Hydrological Simulation and the Rising Rate of the Flood Stage in a Mountainous Small Watershed in Sichuan Province, China |
title_full_unstemmed |
Flash Flood Early Warning Coupled with Hydrological Simulation and the Rising Rate of the Flood Stage in a Mountainous Small Watershed in Sichuan Province, China |
title_sort |
flash flood early warning coupled with hydrological simulation and the rising rate of the flood stage in a mountainous small watershed in sichuan province, china |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Water |
issn |
2073-4441 |
publishDate |
2020-01-01 |
description |
Flash floods in mountainous areas have become more severe and frequent as a result of climate change and are a threat to public safety and social development. This study explores the application of distributed hydrological models in flash floods risk management in a small watershed in Sichuan Province, China, and aims to increase early warning lead time in mountainous areas. The Hydrologic Engineering Center’s Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) model was used to simulate the flash flood process and analyze the variation in flood hydrographs. First, the HEC-HMS model was established based on geospatial data and the river network shape, and eight heavy rainfall events from 2010 to 2015 were used for model calibration and validation, showing that the HEC-HMS model was effective for the simulation of mountain floods in the study area. Second, with the assumption that rainfall and flood events have the same frequency, the flood hydrographs with different frequencies (p = 1%, 2%, 5%, and 10%) were calculated by the HEC-HMS model. The rising limbs of the flood hydrographs were significantly different and can be divided into three parts (0−5 h, 6−10 h, and 11−15 h). The rising rate of the flood stage for each part of the flood hydrograph increases in multiples. According to the analysis of the flood hydrographs, two critical early warning indicators with an invention patent were determined in the study: the flood stage for immediate evacuation and the rising rate. The application of the indicators in the study shows that it is feasible to advance the time of issuing an early warning signal, and it is expected that the indicators can offer a reference for flash flood early warning in the study area and other small watersheds in mountainous areas. |
topic |
flash floods early warning indicators hec-hms model small watershed mountainous area |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/1/255 |
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