The association between dietary energy density and type 2 diabetes in Europe: results from the EPIC-InterAct Study.
BACKGROUND:Observational studies implicate higher dietary energy density (DED) as a potential risk factor for weight gain and obesity. It has been hypothesized that DED may also be associated with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but limited evidence exists. Therefore, we investigated the association...
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doaj-2092f8b955834980a03188d6b4d265fe2020-11-25T01:34:57ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032013-01-0185e5994710.1371/journal.pone.0059947The association between dietary energy density and type 2 diabetes in Europe: results from the EPIC-InterAct Study.InterAct ConsortiumSaskia W van den BergDaphne L van der AAnnemieke M W SpijkermanGeertruida J van WoudenberghMariken J TijhuisPilar AmianoEva ArdanazJoline W J BeulensHeiner BoeingFrançoise Clavel-ChapelonFrancesca L CroweBlandine de Lauzon-GuillainGuy FagherazziPaul W FranksHeinz FreislingCarlos GonzalezSara GrioniJytte HalkjaerJosé María HuertaInge HuybrechtsRudolf KaaksKay Tee KhawGiovanna MasalaPeter M NilssonKim OvervadSalvatore PanicoJ Ramón QuirósOlov RolandssonCarlotta SacerdoteMaría-José SánchezMatthias B SchulzeNadia SlimaniEllen A StruijkAnne TjonnelandRosario TuminoStephen J SharpClaudia LangenbergNita G ForouhiEdith J M FeskensElio RiboliNicholas J WarehamBACKGROUND:Observational studies implicate higher dietary energy density (DED) as a potential risk factor for weight gain and obesity. It has been hypothesized that DED may also be associated with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but limited evidence exists. Therefore, we investigated the association between DED and risk of T2D in a large prospective study with heterogeneity of dietary intake. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:A case-cohort study was nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC) study of 340,234 participants contributing 3.99 million person years of follow-up, identifying 12,403 incident diabetes cases and a random subcohort of 16,835 individuals from 8 European countries. DED was calculated as energy (kcal) from foods (except beverages) divided by the weight (gram) of foods estimated from dietary questionnaires. Prentice-weighted Cox proportional hazard regression models were fitted by country. Risk estimates were pooled by random effects meta-analysis and heterogeneity was evaluated. Estimated mean (sd) DED was 1.5 (0.3) kcal/g among cases and subcohort members, varying across countries (range 1.4-1.7 kcal/g). After adjustment for age, sex, smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, energy intake from beverages and misreporting of dietary intake, no association was observed between DED and T2D (HR 1.02 (95% CI: 0.93-1.13), which was consistent across countries (I(2) = 2.9%). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:In this large European case-cohort study no association between DED of solid and semi-solid foods and risk of T2D was observed. However, despite the fact that there currently is no conclusive evidence for an association between DED and T2DM risk, choosing low energy dense foods should be promoted as they support current WHO recommendations to prevent chronic diseases.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3655954?pdf=render |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
InterAct Consortium Saskia W van den Berg Daphne L van der A Annemieke M W Spijkerman Geertruida J van Woudenbergh Mariken J Tijhuis Pilar Amiano Eva Ardanaz Joline W J Beulens Heiner Boeing Françoise Clavel-Chapelon Francesca L Crowe Blandine de Lauzon-Guillain Guy Fagherazzi Paul W Franks Heinz Freisling Carlos Gonzalez Sara Grioni Jytte Halkjaer José María Huerta Inge Huybrechts Rudolf Kaaks Kay Tee Khaw Giovanna Masala Peter M Nilsson Kim Overvad Salvatore Panico J Ramón Quirós Olov Rolandsson Carlotta Sacerdote María-José Sánchez Matthias B Schulze Nadia Slimani Ellen A Struijk Anne Tjonneland Rosario Tumino Stephen J Sharp Claudia Langenberg Nita G Forouhi Edith J M Feskens Elio Riboli Nicholas J Wareham |
spellingShingle |
InterAct Consortium Saskia W van den Berg Daphne L van der A Annemieke M W Spijkerman Geertruida J van Woudenbergh Mariken J Tijhuis Pilar Amiano Eva Ardanaz Joline W J Beulens Heiner Boeing Françoise Clavel-Chapelon Francesca L Crowe Blandine de Lauzon-Guillain Guy Fagherazzi Paul W Franks Heinz Freisling Carlos Gonzalez Sara Grioni Jytte Halkjaer José María Huerta Inge Huybrechts Rudolf Kaaks Kay Tee Khaw Giovanna Masala Peter M Nilsson Kim Overvad Salvatore Panico J Ramón Quirós Olov Rolandsson Carlotta Sacerdote María-José Sánchez Matthias B Schulze Nadia Slimani Ellen A Struijk Anne Tjonneland Rosario Tumino Stephen J Sharp Claudia Langenberg Nita G Forouhi Edith J M Feskens Elio Riboli Nicholas J Wareham The association between dietary energy density and type 2 diabetes in Europe: results from the EPIC-InterAct Study. PLoS ONE |
author_facet |
InterAct Consortium Saskia W van den Berg Daphne L van der A Annemieke M W Spijkerman Geertruida J van Woudenbergh Mariken J Tijhuis Pilar Amiano Eva Ardanaz Joline W J Beulens Heiner Boeing Françoise Clavel-Chapelon Francesca L Crowe Blandine de Lauzon-Guillain Guy Fagherazzi Paul W Franks Heinz Freisling Carlos Gonzalez Sara Grioni Jytte Halkjaer José María Huerta Inge Huybrechts Rudolf Kaaks Kay Tee Khaw Giovanna Masala Peter M Nilsson Kim Overvad Salvatore Panico J Ramón Quirós Olov Rolandsson Carlotta Sacerdote María-José Sánchez Matthias B Schulze Nadia Slimani Ellen A Struijk Anne Tjonneland Rosario Tumino Stephen J Sharp Claudia Langenberg Nita G Forouhi Edith J M Feskens Elio Riboli Nicholas J Wareham |
author_sort |
InterAct Consortium |
title |
The association between dietary energy density and type 2 diabetes in Europe: results from the EPIC-InterAct Study. |
title_short |
The association between dietary energy density and type 2 diabetes in Europe: results from the EPIC-InterAct Study. |
title_full |
The association between dietary energy density and type 2 diabetes in Europe: results from the EPIC-InterAct Study. |
title_fullStr |
The association between dietary energy density and type 2 diabetes in Europe: results from the EPIC-InterAct Study. |
title_full_unstemmed |
The association between dietary energy density and type 2 diabetes in Europe: results from the EPIC-InterAct Study. |
title_sort |
association between dietary energy density and type 2 diabetes in europe: results from the epic-interact study. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
series |
PLoS ONE |
issn |
1932-6203 |
publishDate |
2013-01-01 |
description |
BACKGROUND:Observational studies implicate higher dietary energy density (DED) as a potential risk factor for weight gain and obesity. It has been hypothesized that DED may also be associated with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but limited evidence exists. Therefore, we investigated the association between DED and risk of T2D in a large prospective study with heterogeneity of dietary intake. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:A case-cohort study was nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC) study of 340,234 participants contributing 3.99 million person years of follow-up, identifying 12,403 incident diabetes cases and a random subcohort of 16,835 individuals from 8 European countries. DED was calculated as energy (kcal) from foods (except beverages) divided by the weight (gram) of foods estimated from dietary questionnaires. Prentice-weighted Cox proportional hazard regression models were fitted by country. Risk estimates were pooled by random effects meta-analysis and heterogeneity was evaluated. Estimated mean (sd) DED was 1.5 (0.3) kcal/g among cases and subcohort members, varying across countries (range 1.4-1.7 kcal/g). After adjustment for age, sex, smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, energy intake from beverages and misreporting of dietary intake, no association was observed between DED and T2D (HR 1.02 (95% CI: 0.93-1.13), which was consistent across countries (I(2) = 2.9%). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:In this large European case-cohort study no association between DED of solid and semi-solid foods and risk of T2D was observed. However, despite the fact that there currently is no conclusive evidence for an association between DED and T2DM risk, choosing low energy dense foods should be promoted as they support current WHO recommendations to prevent chronic diseases. |
url |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3655954?pdf=render |
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