Toxoplasma gondii: A possible etiologic agent for Alzheimer's disease
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is one of the most pervasive neurotropic pathogens causing different lesions in a wide variety of mammals as intermediate hosts, including humans. It is estimated that one-third of the world population is infected with T. gondii; however, for a long time, there has been...
Main Authors: | , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Elsevier
2021-06-01
|
Series: | Heliyon |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844021012548 |
id |
doaj-20af7a8e7e414343978eb2300ac818eb |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-20af7a8e7e414343978eb2300ac818eb2021-07-05T16:34:02ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402021-06-0176e07151Toxoplasma gondii: A possible etiologic agent for Alzheimer's diseaseTooran Nayeri0Shahabeddin Sarvi1Mehdi Sharif2Ahmad Daryani3Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranToxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranToxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranToxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Corresponding author.Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is one of the most pervasive neurotropic pathogens causing different lesions in a wide variety of mammals as intermediate hosts, including humans. It is estimated that one-third of the world population is infected with T. gondii; however, for a long time, there has been much interest in the examination of the possible role of this parasite in the development of mental disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). T. gondii may play a role in the progression of AD using mechanisms, such as the induction of the host's immune responses, inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS), alteration in the levels of neurotransmitters, and activation of indoleamine-2,3-dyoxigenase. This paper presents an appraisal of the literature, reports, and studies that seek to the possible role of T. gondii in the development of AD. For achieving the purpose of the current study, a search of six English databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar) was performed. The results support the involvement of T. gondii in the induction and development of AD. Indeed, T. gondii can be considered a risk factor for the development of AD and requires the special attention of specialists and patients. Furthermore, the results of this study may contribute to prevent or delay the progress of AD worldwide. Therefore, it is required to carry out further studies in order to better perceive the parasitic mechanisms in the progression of AD.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844021012548AlzheimerToxoplasmosisRisk factorsNeurotransmitterCytokine |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Tooran Nayeri Shahabeddin Sarvi Mehdi Sharif Ahmad Daryani |
spellingShingle |
Tooran Nayeri Shahabeddin Sarvi Mehdi Sharif Ahmad Daryani Toxoplasma gondii: A possible etiologic agent for Alzheimer's disease Heliyon Alzheimer Toxoplasmosis Risk factors Neurotransmitter Cytokine |
author_facet |
Tooran Nayeri Shahabeddin Sarvi Mehdi Sharif Ahmad Daryani |
author_sort |
Tooran Nayeri |
title |
Toxoplasma gondii: A possible etiologic agent for Alzheimer's disease |
title_short |
Toxoplasma gondii: A possible etiologic agent for Alzheimer's disease |
title_full |
Toxoplasma gondii: A possible etiologic agent for Alzheimer's disease |
title_fullStr |
Toxoplasma gondii: A possible etiologic agent for Alzheimer's disease |
title_full_unstemmed |
Toxoplasma gondii: A possible etiologic agent for Alzheimer's disease |
title_sort |
toxoplasma gondii: a possible etiologic agent for alzheimer's disease |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Heliyon |
issn |
2405-8440 |
publishDate |
2021-06-01 |
description |
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is one of the most pervasive neurotropic pathogens causing different lesions in a wide variety of mammals as intermediate hosts, including humans. It is estimated that one-third of the world population is infected with T. gondii; however, for a long time, there has been much interest in the examination of the possible role of this parasite in the development of mental disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). T. gondii may play a role in the progression of AD using mechanisms, such as the induction of the host's immune responses, inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS), alteration in the levels of neurotransmitters, and activation of indoleamine-2,3-dyoxigenase. This paper presents an appraisal of the literature, reports, and studies that seek to the possible role of T. gondii in the development of AD. For achieving the purpose of the current study, a search of six English databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar) was performed. The results support the involvement of T. gondii in the induction and development of AD. Indeed, T. gondii can be considered a risk factor for the development of AD and requires the special attention of specialists and patients. Furthermore, the results of this study may contribute to prevent or delay the progress of AD worldwide. Therefore, it is required to carry out further studies in order to better perceive the parasitic mechanisms in the progression of AD. |
topic |
Alzheimer Toxoplasmosis Risk factors Neurotransmitter Cytokine |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844021012548 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT toorannayeri toxoplasmagondiiapossibleetiologicagentforalzheimersdisease AT shahabeddinsarvi toxoplasmagondiiapossibleetiologicagentforalzheimersdisease AT mehdisharif toxoplasmagondiiapossibleetiologicagentforalzheimersdisease AT ahmaddaryani toxoplasmagondiiapossibleetiologicagentforalzheimersdisease |
_version_ |
1721318373664489472 |