Real-Time Detection and Filtering of Radio Frequency Interference Onboard a Spaceborne Microwave Radiometer: The CubeRRT Mission

• Main Authors: Joel T. Johnson, Christopher Ball, Chi-Chih Chen, Christa McKelvey, Graeme E. Smith, Mark Andrews, Andrew O'Brien, J. Landon Garry, Sidharth Misra, Rudi Bendig, Carl Felten, Shannon Brown, Robert F. Jarnot, Jonathon Kocz, Kevin Horgan, Jared F. Lucey, Joseph J. Knuble, Mike Solly, Carlos Duran-Aviles, Jinzheng Peng, Damon Bradley, Jeffrey R. Piepmeier, Doug Laczkowski, Matt Pallas, Nick Monahan, Ervin Krauss
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: IEEE 2020-01-01
• Series: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing
• Subjects: Microwave radiometry; passive microwave remo-te sensing; radio frequency interference (RFI)
• Online Access: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9061029/

The Cubesat radiometer radio frequency interference technology validation mission (CubeRRT) was developed to demonstrate real-time onboard detection and filtering of radio frequency interference (RFI) for wide bandwidth microwave radiometers. CubeRRT's key technology is its radiometer digital backend (RDB) that is capable of measuring an instantaneous bandwidth of 1 GHz and of filtering the input signal into an estimated total power with and without RFI contributions. CubeRRT's onboard RFI processing capability dramatically reduces the volume of data that must be downlinked to the ground and eliminates the need for ground-based RFI processing. RFI detection is performed by resolving the input bandwidth into 128 frequency subchannels, with the kurtosis of each subchannel and the variations in power across frequency used to detect nonthermal contributions. RFI filtering is performed by removing corrupted frequency subchannels prior to the computation of the total channel power. The 1 GHz bandwidth input signals processed by the RDB are obtained from the payload's antenna (ANT) and radiometer front end (RFE) subsystems that are capable of tuning across RF center frequencies from 6 to 40 GHz. The CubeRRT payload was installed into a 6U spacecraft bus provided by Blue Canyon Technologies that provides spacecraft power, communications, data management, and navigation functions. The design, development, integration and test, and on-orbit operations of CubeRRT are described in this article. The spacecraft was delivered on March 22nd, 2018 for launch to the International Space Station (ISS) on May 21st, 2018. Since its deployment from the ISS on July 13th, 2018, the CubeRRT RDB has completed more than 5000 h of operation successfully, validating its robustness as an RFI processor. Although CubeRRT's RFE subsystem ceased operating on September 8th, 2018, causing the RDB input thereafter to consist only of internally generated noise, CubeRRT's key RDB technology continues to operate without issue and has demonstrated its capabilities as a valuable subsystem for future radiometry missions.