Phage Amplification Assay for Detection of Mycobacterial Infection: A Review
<b> </b>An important prerequisite for the effective control, timely diagnosis, and successful treatment of mycobacterial infections in both humans and animals is a rapid, specific, and sensitive detection technique. Culture is still considered the gold standard in the detection of viable...
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doaj-20e9e96ccd944c9083f54cc9eba1392c2021-01-24T00:03:33ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072021-01-01923723710.3390/microorganisms9020237Phage Amplification Assay for Detection of Mycobacterial Infection: A ReviewMonika Beinhauerova0Iva Slana1Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic<b> </b>An important prerequisite for the effective control, timely diagnosis, and successful treatment of mycobacterial infections in both humans and animals is a rapid, specific, and sensitive detection technique. Culture is still considered the gold standard in the detection of viable mycobacteria; however, mycobacteria are extremely fastidious and slow-growing microorganisms, and therefore cultivation requires a very long incubation period to obtain results. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) methods are also frequently used in the diagnosis of mycobacterial infections, providing faster and more accurate results, but are unable to distinguish between a viable and non-viable microorganism, which results in an inability to determine the success of tuberculosis patient treatment or to differentiate between an active and passive infection of animals. One suitable technique that overcomes these shortcomings mentioned is the phage amplification assay (PA). PA specifically detects viable mycobacteria present in a sample within 48 h using a lytic bacteriophage isolated from the environment. Nowadays, an alternative approach to PA, a commercial kit called Actiphage™, is also employed, providing the result within 6–8 h. In this approach, the bacteriophage is used to lyse mycobacterial cells present in the sample, and the released DNA is subsequently detected by PCR. The objective of this review is to summarize information based on the PA used for detection of mycobacteria significant in both human and veterinary medicine from various kinds of matrices.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/2/237MycobacteriumparatuberculosisMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosistuberculosisphage amplification assaydetection |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Monika Beinhauerova Iva Slana |
spellingShingle |
Monika Beinhauerova Iva Slana Phage Amplification Assay for Detection of Mycobacterial Infection: A Review Microorganisms Mycobacterium paratuberculosis Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis tuberculosis phage amplification assay detection |
author_facet |
Monika Beinhauerova Iva Slana |
author_sort |
Monika Beinhauerova |
title |
Phage Amplification Assay for Detection of Mycobacterial Infection: A Review |
title_short |
Phage Amplification Assay for Detection of Mycobacterial Infection: A Review |
title_full |
Phage Amplification Assay for Detection of Mycobacterial Infection: A Review |
title_fullStr |
Phage Amplification Assay for Detection of Mycobacterial Infection: A Review |
title_full_unstemmed |
Phage Amplification Assay for Detection of Mycobacterial Infection: A Review |
title_sort |
phage amplification assay for detection of mycobacterial infection: a review |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Microorganisms |
issn |
2076-2607 |
publishDate |
2021-01-01 |
description |
<b> </b>An important prerequisite for the effective control, timely diagnosis, and successful treatment of mycobacterial infections in both humans and animals is a rapid, specific, and sensitive detection technique. Culture is still considered the gold standard in the detection of viable mycobacteria; however, mycobacteria are extremely fastidious and slow-growing microorganisms, and therefore cultivation requires a very long incubation period to obtain results. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) methods are also frequently used in the diagnosis of mycobacterial infections, providing faster and more accurate results, but are unable to distinguish between a viable and non-viable microorganism, which results in an inability to determine the success of tuberculosis patient treatment or to differentiate between an active and passive infection of animals. One suitable technique that overcomes these shortcomings mentioned is the phage amplification assay (PA). PA specifically detects viable mycobacteria present in a sample within 48 h using a lytic bacteriophage isolated from the environment. Nowadays, an alternative approach to PA, a commercial kit called Actiphage™, is also employed, providing the result within 6–8 h. In this approach, the bacteriophage is used to lyse mycobacterial cells present in the sample, and the released DNA is subsequently detected by PCR. The objective of this review is to summarize information based on the PA used for detection of mycobacteria significant in both human and veterinary medicine from various kinds of matrices. |
topic |
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis tuberculosis phage amplification assay detection |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/2/237 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT monikabeinhauerova phageamplificationassayfordetectionofmycobacterialinfectionareview AT ivaslana phageamplificationassayfordetectionofmycobacterialinfectionareview |
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