Large‐scale connectivity, cryptic population structure, and relatedness in Eastern Pacific Olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea)
Abstract Endangered species are grouped into genetically discrete populations to direct conservation efforts. Mitochondrial control region (mtCR) haplotypes are used to elucidate deep divergences between populations, as compared to nuclear microsatellites that can detect recent structuring. When pri...
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doaj-213259ecb6044262b1cdaa465f7a6cb52021-04-02T16:56:16ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582020-08-0110168688870410.1002/ece3.6564Large‐scale connectivity, cryptic population structure, and relatedness in Eastern Pacific Olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea)Ian Silver‐Gorges0Julianne Koval1Clara J. Rodriguez‐Zarate2Frank V. Paladino3Mark Jordan4Department of Biology Center for Marine Conservation and Biology Purdue University‐Fort Wayne Fort Wayne IN USADepartment of Biology Center for Marine Conservation and Biology Purdue University‐Fort Wayne Fort Wayne IN USAMarine Turtle Conservation Programme Emirates Nature in Association with World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Dubai United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Biology Center for Marine Conservation and Biology Purdue University‐Fort Wayne Fort Wayne IN USADepartment of Biology Center for Marine Conservation and Biology Purdue University‐Fort Wayne Fort Wayne IN USAAbstract Endangered species are grouped into genetically discrete populations to direct conservation efforts. Mitochondrial control region (mtCR) haplotypes are used to elucidate deep divergences between populations, as compared to nuclear microsatellites that can detect recent structuring. When prior populations are unknown, it is useful to subject microsatellite data to clustering and/or ordination population inference. Olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) are the most abundant sea turtle, yet few studies have characterized olive ridley population structure. Recently, clustering results of olive ridleys in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean suggested weak structuring (FST = 0.02) between Mexico and Central America. We analyzed mtCR haplotypes, new microsatellite genotypes from Costa Rica, and preexisting microsatellite genotypes from olive ridleys across the Eastern Tropical Pacific, to further explore population structuring in this region. We subjected inferred populations to multiple analyses to explore the mechanisms behind their structuring. We found 10 mtCR haplotypes from 60 turtles nesting at three sites in Costa Rica, but did not detect divergence between Costa Rican sites, or between Central America and Mexico. In Costa Rica, clustering suggested one population with no structuring, but ordination suggested four cryptic clusters with moderate structuring (FST = 0.08, p < .001). Across the Eastern Tropical Pacific, ordination suggested nine cryptic clusters with moderate structuring (FST = 0.103, p < .001) that largely corresponded to Mexican and Central American populations. All ordination clusters displayed significant internal relatedness relative to global relatedness (p < .001) and contained numerous sibling pairs. This suggests that broadly dispersed family lineages have proliferated in Eastern Tropical Pacific olive ridleys and corroborates previous work showing basin‐wide connectivity and shallow population structure in this region. The existence of broadly dispersed kin in Eastern Tropical Pacific olive ridleys has implications for management of olive ridleys in this region, and adds to our understanding of sea turtle ecology and life history, particularly in light of the natal‐homing paradigm.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6564bottleneckconservation geneticshaplotypeskinmarine connectivityordination |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ian Silver‐Gorges Julianne Koval Clara J. Rodriguez‐Zarate Frank V. Paladino Mark Jordan |
spellingShingle |
Ian Silver‐Gorges Julianne Koval Clara J. Rodriguez‐Zarate Frank V. Paladino Mark Jordan Large‐scale connectivity, cryptic population structure, and relatedness in Eastern Pacific Olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) Ecology and Evolution bottleneck conservation genetics haplotypes kin marine connectivity ordination |
author_facet |
Ian Silver‐Gorges Julianne Koval Clara J. Rodriguez‐Zarate Frank V. Paladino Mark Jordan |
author_sort |
Ian Silver‐Gorges |
title |
Large‐scale connectivity, cryptic population structure, and relatedness in Eastern Pacific Olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) |
title_short |
Large‐scale connectivity, cryptic population structure, and relatedness in Eastern Pacific Olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) |
title_full |
Large‐scale connectivity, cryptic population structure, and relatedness in Eastern Pacific Olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) |
title_fullStr |
Large‐scale connectivity, cryptic population structure, and relatedness in Eastern Pacific Olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Large‐scale connectivity, cryptic population structure, and relatedness in Eastern Pacific Olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) |
title_sort |
large‐scale connectivity, cryptic population structure, and relatedness in eastern pacific olive ridley sea turtles (lepidochelys olivacea) |
publisher |
Wiley |
series |
Ecology and Evolution |
issn |
2045-7758 |
publishDate |
2020-08-01 |
description |
Abstract Endangered species are grouped into genetically discrete populations to direct conservation efforts. Mitochondrial control region (mtCR) haplotypes are used to elucidate deep divergences between populations, as compared to nuclear microsatellites that can detect recent structuring. When prior populations are unknown, it is useful to subject microsatellite data to clustering and/or ordination population inference. Olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) are the most abundant sea turtle, yet few studies have characterized olive ridley population structure. Recently, clustering results of olive ridleys in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean suggested weak structuring (FST = 0.02) between Mexico and Central America. We analyzed mtCR haplotypes, new microsatellite genotypes from Costa Rica, and preexisting microsatellite genotypes from olive ridleys across the Eastern Tropical Pacific, to further explore population structuring in this region. We subjected inferred populations to multiple analyses to explore the mechanisms behind their structuring. We found 10 mtCR haplotypes from 60 turtles nesting at three sites in Costa Rica, but did not detect divergence between Costa Rican sites, or between Central America and Mexico. In Costa Rica, clustering suggested one population with no structuring, but ordination suggested four cryptic clusters with moderate structuring (FST = 0.08, p < .001). Across the Eastern Tropical Pacific, ordination suggested nine cryptic clusters with moderate structuring (FST = 0.103, p < .001) that largely corresponded to Mexican and Central American populations. All ordination clusters displayed significant internal relatedness relative to global relatedness (p < .001) and contained numerous sibling pairs. This suggests that broadly dispersed family lineages have proliferated in Eastern Tropical Pacific olive ridleys and corroborates previous work showing basin‐wide connectivity and shallow population structure in this region. The existence of broadly dispersed kin in Eastern Tropical Pacific olive ridleys has implications for management of olive ridleys in this region, and adds to our understanding of sea turtle ecology and life history, particularly in light of the natal‐homing paradigm. |
topic |
bottleneck conservation genetics haplotypes kin marine connectivity ordination |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6564 |
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