Roles of Skeletal Muscle-Derived Exosomes in Organ Metabolic and Immunological Communication
Skeletal muscles secrete various factors, such as proteins/peptides, nucleotides, and metabolites, which are referred to as myokines. Many of these factors are transported into extracellular bodily fluids in a free or protein-bound form. Furthermore, several secretory factors have been shown to be w...
Main Authors: | , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-09-01
|
Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2021.697204/full |
id |
doaj-21554d54250341b0a666feed74b68417 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-21554d54250341b0a666feed74b684172021-09-14T05:28:56ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922021-09-011210.3389/fendo.2021.697204697204Roles of Skeletal Muscle-Derived Exosomes in Organ Metabolic and Immunological CommunicationWataru Aoi0Yuko Tanimura1Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, JapanDepartment of Sport Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, JapanSkeletal muscles secrete various factors, such as proteins/peptides, nucleotides, and metabolites, which are referred to as myokines. Many of these factors are transported into extracellular bodily fluids in a free or protein-bound form. Furthermore, several secretory factors have been shown to be wrapped up by small vesicles, particularly exosomes, secreted into circulation, and subsequently regulate recipient cells. Thus, exosome contents can be recognized as myokines. In recipient cells, proteins, microRNAs, and metabolites in exosomes can regulate the expression and activity of target proteins associated with nutrient metabolism and immune function. The levels of circulating exosomes and their contents are altered in muscle disorders and metabolic-related states, such as metabolic dysfunction, sarcopenia, and physical fitness. Therefore, such circulating factors could mediate various interactions between skeletal muscle and other organs and may be useful as biomarkers reflecting physiological and pathological states associated with muscular function. Here, this review summarizes secretory regulation of muscle-derived exosomes. Their metabolic and immunological roles and the significance of their circulating levels are also discussed.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2021.697204/fullskeletal musclemyokineexosomemetabolismmicroRNA |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Wataru Aoi Yuko Tanimura |
spellingShingle |
Wataru Aoi Yuko Tanimura Roles of Skeletal Muscle-Derived Exosomes in Organ Metabolic and Immunological Communication Frontiers in Endocrinology skeletal muscle myokine exosome metabolism microRNA |
author_facet |
Wataru Aoi Yuko Tanimura |
author_sort |
Wataru Aoi |
title |
Roles of Skeletal Muscle-Derived Exosomes in Organ Metabolic and Immunological Communication |
title_short |
Roles of Skeletal Muscle-Derived Exosomes in Organ Metabolic and Immunological Communication |
title_full |
Roles of Skeletal Muscle-Derived Exosomes in Organ Metabolic and Immunological Communication |
title_fullStr |
Roles of Skeletal Muscle-Derived Exosomes in Organ Metabolic and Immunological Communication |
title_full_unstemmed |
Roles of Skeletal Muscle-Derived Exosomes in Organ Metabolic and Immunological Communication |
title_sort |
roles of skeletal muscle-derived exosomes in organ metabolic and immunological communication |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Endocrinology |
issn |
1664-2392 |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
Skeletal muscles secrete various factors, such as proteins/peptides, nucleotides, and metabolites, which are referred to as myokines. Many of these factors are transported into extracellular bodily fluids in a free or protein-bound form. Furthermore, several secretory factors have been shown to be wrapped up by small vesicles, particularly exosomes, secreted into circulation, and subsequently regulate recipient cells. Thus, exosome contents can be recognized as myokines. In recipient cells, proteins, microRNAs, and metabolites in exosomes can regulate the expression and activity of target proteins associated with nutrient metabolism and immune function. The levels of circulating exosomes and their contents are altered in muscle disorders and metabolic-related states, such as metabolic dysfunction, sarcopenia, and physical fitness. Therefore, such circulating factors could mediate various interactions between skeletal muscle and other organs and may be useful as biomarkers reflecting physiological and pathological states associated with muscular function. Here, this review summarizes secretory regulation of muscle-derived exosomes. Their metabolic and immunological roles and the significance of their circulating levels are also discussed. |
topic |
skeletal muscle myokine exosome metabolism microRNA |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2021.697204/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT wataruaoi rolesofskeletalmusclederivedexosomesinorganmetabolicandimmunologicalcommunication AT yukotanimura rolesofskeletalmusclederivedexosomesinorganmetabolicandimmunologicalcommunication |
_version_ |
1717380031886393344 |