Saliva and Serum Immune Responses in Apical Periodontitis
Apical periodontitis is an inflammatory reaction at the apex of an infected tooth. Its microbiota resembles that of marginal periodontitis and may induce local and systemic antibodies binding to bacteria- and host-derived epitopes. Our aim was to investigate the features of the adaptive immune respo...
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doaj-21638f9ae57c4cc5a789be74138711612020-11-25T01:30:26ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832019-06-018688910.3390/jcm8060889jcm8060889Saliva and Serum Immune Responses in Apical PeriodontitisMilla Pietiäinen0John M. Liljestrand1Ramin Akhi2Kåre Buhlin3Anders Johansson4Susanna Paju5Aino Salminen6Päivi Mäntylä7Juha Sinisalo8Leo Tjäderhane9Sohvi Hörkkö10Pirkko J. Pussinen11Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00014 Helsinki, FinlandOral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00014 Helsinki, FinlandMedical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, FinlandOral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00014 Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Odontology, Molecular Periodontology Research, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, SwedenOral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00014 Helsinki, FinlandOral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00014 Helsinki, FinlandInstitute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, FinlandHUCH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029 Helsinki, FinlandOral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00014 Helsinki, FinlandMedical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, FinlandOral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00014 Helsinki, FinlandApical periodontitis is an inflammatory reaction at the apex of an infected tooth. Its microbiota resembles that of marginal periodontitis and may induce local and systemic antibodies binding to bacteria- and host-derived epitopes. Our aim was to investigate the features of the adaptive immune response in apical periodontitis. The present Parogene cohort (<i>n</i> = 453) comprises patients with cardiac symptoms. Clinical and radiographic oral examination was performed to diagnose apical and marginal periodontitis. A three-category endodontic lesion score was designed. Antibodies binding to the bacteria- and host-derived epitopes were determined from saliva and serum, and bacterial compositions were examined from saliva and subgingival samples. The significant ORs (95% CI) for the highest endodontic scores were observed for saliva IgA and IgG to bacterial antigens (2.90 (1.01−8.33) and 4.91 (2.48−9.71)/log10 unit), saliva cross-reacting IgG (2.10 (1.48−2.97)), serum IgG to bacterial antigens (4.66 (1.22−10.1)), and Gram-negative subgingival species (1.98 (1.16−3.37)). In a subgroup without marginal periodontitis, only saliva IgG against bacterial antigens associated with untreated apical periodontitis (4.77 (1.05−21.7)). Apical periodontitis associates with versatile adaptive immune responses against both bacterial- and host-derived epitopes independently of marginal periodontitis. Saliva immunoglobulins could be useful biomarkers of oral infections including apical periodontitis—a putative risk factor for systemic diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/8/6/889apical periodontitisadaptive immunitysalivaserumantibody |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Milla Pietiäinen John M. Liljestrand Ramin Akhi Kåre Buhlin Anders Johansson Susanna Paju Aino Salminen Päivi Mäntylä Juha Sinisalo Leo Tjäderhane Sohvi Hörkkö Pirkko J. Pussinen |
spellingShingle |
Milla Pietiäinen John M. Liljestrand Ramin Akhi Kåre Buhlin Anders Johansson Susanna Paju Aino Salminen Päivi Mäntylä Juha Sinisalo Leo Tjäderhane Sohvi Hörkkö Pirkko J. Pussinen Saliva and Serum Immune Responses in Apical Periodontitis Journal of Clinical Medicine apical periodontitis adaptive immunity saliva serum antibody |
author_facet |
Milla Pietiäinen John M. Liljestrand Ramin Akhi Kåre Buhlin Anders Johansson Susanna Paju Aino Salminen Päivi Mäntylä Juha Sinisalo Leo Tjäderhane Sohvi Hörkkö Pirkko J. Pussinen |
author_sort |
Milla Pietiäinen |
title |
Saliva and Serum Immune Responses in Apical Periodontitis |
title_short |
Saliva and Serum Immune Responses in Apical Periodontitis |
title_full |
Saliva and Serum Immune Responses in Apical Periodontitis |
title_fullStr |
Saliva and Serum Immune Responses in Apical Periodontitis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Saliva and Serum Immune Responses in Apical Periodontitis |
title_sort |
saliva and serum immune responses in apical periodontitis |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Journal of Clinical Medicine |
issn |
2077-0383 |
publishDate |
2019-06-01 |
description |
Apical periodontitis is an inflammatory reaction at the apex of an infected tooth. Its microbiota resembles that of marginal periodontitis and may induce local and systemic antibodies binding to bacteria- and host-derived epitopes. Our aim was to investigate the features of the adaptive immune response in apical periodontitis. The present Parogene cohort (<i>n</i> = 453) comprises patients with cardiac symptoms. Clinical and radiographic oral examination was performed to diagnose apical and marginal periodontitis. A three-category endodontic lesion score was designed. Antibodies binding to the bacteria- and host-derived epitopes were determined from saliva and serum, and bacterial compositions were examined from saliva and subgingival samples. The significant ORs (95% CI) for the highest endodontic scores were observed for saliva IgA and IgG to bacterial antigens (2.90 (1.01−8.33) and 4.91 (2.48−9.71)/log10 unit), saliva cross-reacting IgG (2.10 (1.48−2.97)), serum IgG to bacterial antigens (4.66 (1.22−10.1)), and Gram-negative subgingival species (1.98 (1.16−3.37)). In a subgroup without marginal periodontitis, only saliva IgG against bacterial antigens associated with untreated apical periodontitis (4.77 (1.05−21.7)). Apical periodontitis associates with versatile adaptive immune responses against both bacterial- and host-derived epitopes independently of marginal periodontitis. Saliva immunoglobulins could be useful biomarkers of oral infections including apical periodontitis—a putative risk factor for systemic diseases. |
topic |
apical periodontitis adaptive immunity saliva serum antibody |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/8/6/889 |
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