Lysine Fatty Acylation: Regulatory Enzymes, Research Tools, and Biological Function
Post-translational acylation of lysine side chains is a common mechanism of protein regulation. Modification by long-chain fatty acyl groups is an understudied form of lysine acylation that has gained increasing attention recently due to the characterization of enzymes that catalyze the addition and...
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2021-07-01
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doaj-222ee9a36fb542b4aa372d5a0ec8f7082021-07-22T16:24:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2021-07-01910.3389/fcell.2021.717503717503Lysine Fatty Acylation: Regulatory Enzymes, Research Tools, and Biological FunctionGarrison Komaniecki0Garrison Komaniecki1Hening Lin2Hening Lin3Hening Lin4Graduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular, and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United StatesDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United StatesGraduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular, and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United StatesDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United StatesHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United StatesPost-translational acylation of lysine side chains is a common mechanism of protein regulation. Modification by long-chain fatty acyl groups is an understudied form of lysine acylation that has gained increasing attention recently due to the characterization of enzymes that catalyze the addition and removal this modification. In this review we summarize what has been learned about lysine fatty acylation in the approximately 30 years since its initial discovery. We report on what is known about the enzymes that regulate lysine fatty acylation and their physiological functions, including tumorigenesis and bacterial pathogenesis. We also cover the effect of lysine fatty acylation on reported substrates. Generally, lysine fatty acylation increases the affinity of proteins for specific cellular membranes, but the physiological outcome depends greatly on the molecular context. Finally, we will go over the experimental tools that have been used to study lysine fatty acylation. While much has been learned about lysine fatty acylation since its initial discovery, the full scope of its biological function has yet to be realized.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.717503/fulllysine fatty acylationprotein lipidationsirtuinHDACRTX toxinNMT |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Garrison Komaniecki Garrison Komaniecki Hening Lin Hening Lin Hening Lin |
spellingShingle |
Garrison Komaniecki Garrison Komaniecki Hening Lin Hening Lin Hening Lin Lysine Fatty Acylation: Regulatory Enzymes, Research Tools, and Biological Function Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology lysine fatty acylation protein lipidation sirtuin HDAC RTX toxin NMT |
author_facet |
Garrison Komaniecki Garrison Komaniecki Hening Lin Hening Lin Hening Lin |
author_sort |
Garrison Komaniecki |
title |
Lysine Fatty Acylation: Regulatory Enzymes, Research Tools, and Biological Function |
title_short |
Lysine Fatty Acylation: Regulatory Enzymes, Research Tools, and Biological Function |
title_full |
Lysine Fatty Acylation: Regulatory Enzymes, Research Tools, and Biological Function |
title_fullStr |
Lysine Fatty Acylation: Regulatory Enzymes, Research Tools, and Biological Function |
title_full_unstemmed |
Lysine Fatty Acylation: Regulatory Enzymes, Research Tools, and Biological Function |
title_sort |
lysine fatty acylation: regulatory enzymes, research tools, and biological function |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
issn |
2296-634X |
publishDate |
2021-07-01 |
description |
Post-translational acylation of lysine side chains is a common mechanism of protein regulation. Modification by long-chain fatty acyl groups is an understudied form of lysine acylation that has gained increasing attention recently due to the characterization of enzymes that catalyze the addition and removal this modification. In this review we summarize what has been learned about lysine fatty acylation in the approximately 30 years since its initial discovery. We report on what is known about the enzymes that regulate lysine fatty acylation and their physiological functions, including tumorigenesis and bacterial pathogenesis. We also cover the effect of lysine fatty acylation on reported substrates. Generally, lysine fatty acylation increases the affinity of proteins for specific cellular membranes, but the physiological outcome depends greatly on the molecular context. Finally, we will go over the experimental tools that have been used to study lysine fatty acylation. While much has been learned about lysine fatty acylation since its initial discovery, the full scope of its biological function has yet to be realized. |
topic |
lysine fatty acylation protein lipidation sirtuin HDAC RTX toxin NMT |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.717503/full |
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