Bacteriostatic Activity of LLDPE Nanocomposite Embedded with Sol–Gel Synthesized TiO2/ZnO Coupled Oxides at Various Ratios
Metal oxide-polymer nanocomposite has been proven to have selective bactericidal effects against the main and common pathogens (Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli)) that can cause harmful infectious diseases. As such, this study looked into th...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2018-08-01
|
Series: | Polymers |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/10/8/878 |
id |
doaj-225df630268c445788e37a77fb436bc7 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-225df630268c445788e37a77fb436bc72020-11-24T23:39:29ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602018-08-0110887810.3390/polym10080878polym10080878Bacteriostatic Activity of LLDPE Nanocomposite Embedded with Sol–Gel Synthesized TiO2/ZnO Coupled Oxides at Various RatiosKhairul Arifah Saharudin0Srimala Sreekantan1Norfatehah Basiron2Yong Ling Khor3Nor Hazliana Harun4Rabiatul Basria S. M. N. Mydin5Hazizan Md Akil6Azman Seeni7Kumaravel Vignesh8School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang 14300, MalaysiaSchool of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang 14300, MalaysiaSchool of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang 14300, MalaysiaSchool of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang 14300, MalaysiaAdvanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Pulau Pinang 13200, MalaysiaAdvanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Pulau Pinang 13200, MalaysiaSchool of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang 14300, MalaysiaMalaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPHARM), National Institute of Biotechnology Malaysia, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Bukit Gambir, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang 11700, MalaysiaDepartment of Environmental Science, School of Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, IrelandMetal oxide-polymer nanocomposite has been proven to have selective bactericidal effects against the main and common pathogens (Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli)) that can cause harmful infectious diseases. As such, this study looked into the prospect of using TiO2/ZnO with linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) to inactivate S. aureus and E. coli. The physical, structural, chemical, mechanical, and antibacterial properties of the nanocomposite were investigated in detail in this paper. The production of reactive species, such as hydroxyl radicals (•OH), holes (h+), superoxide anion radicals (O2•¯), and zinc ion (Zn2+), released from the nanocomposite were quantified to elucidate the underlying antibacterial mechanisms. LLDPE/25T75Z with TiO2/ZnO (1:3) nanocomposite displayed the best performance that inactivated S. aureus and E. coli by 95% and 100%, respectively. The dominant reactive active species and the zinc ion release toward the superior antibacterial effect of nanocomposite are discussed. This work does not only offer depiction of the effective element required for antimicrobial biomedical appliances, but also the essential structural characteristics to enhance water uptake to expedite photocatalytic activity of LLDPE/metal oxide nanocomposite for long term application.http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/10/8/878LLDPE nanocompositesTiO2/ZnO nanoparticlesbacteriostatic activityStaphylococcus aureusEscherichia coli |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Khairul Arifah Saharudin Srimala Sreekantan Norfatehah Basiron Yong Ling Khor Nor Hazliana Harun Rabiatul Basria S. M. N. Mydin Hazizan Md Akil Azman Seeni Kumaravel Vignesh |
spellingShingle |
Khairul Arifah Saharudin Srimala Sreekantan Norfatehah Basiron Yong Ling Khor Nor Hazliana Harun Rabiatul Basria S. M. N. Mydin Hazizan Md Akil Azman Seeni Kumaravel Vignesh Bacteriostatic Activity of LLDPE Nanocomposite Embedded with Sol–Gel Synthesized TiO2/ZnO Coupled Oxides at Various Ratios Polymers LLDPE nanocomposites TiO2/ZnO nanoparticles bacteriostatic activity Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli |
author_facet |
Khairul Arifah Saharudin Srimala Sreekantan Norfatehah Basiron Yong Ling Khor Nor Hazliana Harun Rabiatul Basria S. M. N. Mydin Hazizan Md Akil Azman Seeni Kumaravel Vignesh |
author_sort |
Khairul Arifah Saharudin |
title |
Bacteriostatic Activity of LLDPE Nanocomposite Embedded with Sol–Gel Synthesized TiO2/ZnO Coupled Oxides at Various Ratios |
title_short |
Bacteriostatic Activity of LLDPE Nanocomposite Embedded with Sol–Gel Synthesized TiO2/ZnO Coupled Oxides at Various Ratios |
title_full |
Bacteriostatic Activity of LLDPE Nanocomposite Embedded with Sol–Gel Synthesized TiO2/ZnO Coupled Oxides at Various Ratios |
title_fullStr |
Bacteriostatic Activity of LLDPE Nanocomposite Embedded with Sol–Gel Synthesized TiO2/ZnO Coupled Oxides at Various Ratios |
title_full_unstemmed |
Bacteriostatic Activity of LLDPE Nanocomposite Embedded with Sol–Gel Synthesized TiO2/ZnO Coupled Oxides at Various Ratios |
title_sort |
bacteriostatic activity of lldpe nanocomposite embedded with sol–gel synthesized tio2/zno coupled oxides at various ratios |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Polymers |
issn |
2073-4360 |
publishDate |
2018-08-01 |
description |
Metal oxide-polymer nanocomposite has been proven to have selective bactericidal effects against the main and common pathogens (Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli)) that can cause harmful infectious diseases. As such, this study looked into the prospect of using TiO2/ZnO with linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) to inactivate S. aureus and E. coli. The physical, structural, chemical, mechanical, and antibacterial properties of the nanocomposite were investigated in detail in this paper. The production of reactive species, such as hydroxyl radicals (•OH), holes (h+), superoxide anion radicals (O2•¯), and zinc ion (Zn2+), released from the nanocomposite were quantified to elucidate the underlying antibacterial mechanisms. LLDPE/25T75Z with TiO2/ZnO (1:3) nanocomposite displayed the best performance that inactivated S. aureus and E. coli by 95% and 100%, respectively. The dominant reactive active species and the zinc ion release toward the superior antibacterial effect of nanocomposite are discussed. This work does not only offer depiction of the effective element required for antimicrobial biomedical appliances, but also the essential structural characteristics to enhance water uptake to expedite photocatalytic activity of LLDPE/metal oxide nanocomposite for long term application. |
topic |
LLDPE nanocomposites TiO2/ZnO nanoparticles bacteriostatic activity Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/10/8/878 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT khairularifahsaharudin bacteriostaticactivityoflldpenanocompositeembeddedwithsolgelsynthesizedtio2znocoupledoxidesatvariousratios AT srimalasreekantan bacteriostaticactivityoflldpenanocompositeembeddedwithsolgelsynthesizedtio2znocoupledoxidesatvariousratios AT norfatehahbasiron bacteriostaticactivityoflldpenanocompositeembeddedwithsolgelsynthesizedtio2znocoupledoxidesatvariousratios AT yonglingkhor bacteriostaticactivityoflldpenanocompositeembeddedwithsolgelsynthesizedtio2znocoupledoxidesatvariousratios AT norhazlianaharun bacteriostaticactivityoflldpenanocompositeembeddedwithsolgelsynthesizedtio2znocoupledoxidesatvariousratios AT rabiatulbasriasmnmydin bacteriostaticactivityoflldpenanocompositeembeddedwithsolgelsynthesizedtio2znocoupledoxidesatvariousratios AT hazizanmdakil bacteriostaticactivityoflldpenanocompositeembeddedwithsolgelsynthesizedtio2znocoupledoxidesatvariousratios AT azmanseeni bacteriostaticactivityoflldpenanocompositeembeddedwithsolgelsynthesizedtio2znocoupledoxidesatvariousratios AT kumaravelvignesh bacteriostaticactivityoflldpenanocompositeembeddedwithsolgelsynthesizedtio2znocoupledoxidesatvariousratios |
_version_ |
1725513358973599744 |