Resistance to Antimicrobials Mediated by Efflux Pumps in Staphylococcus aureus
Resistance mediated by efflux has been recognized in Staphylococcus aureus in the last few decades, although its clinical relevance has only been recognized recently. The existence of only a few studies on the individual and overall contribution of efflux to resistance phenotypes associated with the...
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doaj-227fdc3f091c4bfbb8b7021d9fd261bd2020-11-24T20:54:39ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822013-03-0121839910.3390/antibiotics2010083Resistance to Antimicrobials Mediated by Efflux Pumps in Staphylococcus aureusIsabel CoutoLeonard AmaralJosé Melo-CristinoMiguel ViveirosCláudia PalmaElisabete JunqueiraSofia S. CostaResistance mediated by efflux has been recognized in Staphylococcus aureus in the last few decades, although its clinical relevance has only been recognized recently. The existence of only a few studies on the individual and overall contribution of efflux to resistance phenotypes associated with the need of well-established methods to assess efflux activity in clinical isolates contributes greatly to the lack of solid knowledge of this mechanism in S. aureus. This study aims to provide information on approaches useful to the assessment and characterization of efflux activity, as well as contributing to our understanding of the role of efflux to phenotypes of antibiotic resistance and biocide tolerance in S. aureus clinical isolates. The results described show that efflux is an important contributor to fluoroquinolone resistance in S. aureus and suggest it as a major mechanism in the early stages of resistance development. We also show that efflux plays an important role on the reduced susceptibility to biocides in S. aureus, strengthening the importance of this long neglected resistance mechanism to the persistence and proliferation of antibiotic/biocide-resistant S. aureus in the hospital environment.http://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/2/1/83Staphylococcus aureusresistanceantibioticsbiocidesefflux |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Isabel Couto Leonard Amaral José Melo-Cristino Miguel Viveiros Cláudia Palma Elisabete Junqueira Sofia S. Costa |
spellingShingle |
Isabel Couto Leonard Amaral José Melo-Cristino Miguel Viveiros Cláudia Palma Elisabete Junqueira Sofia S. Costa Resistance to Antimicrobials Mediated by Efflux Pumps in Staphylococcus aureus Antibiotics Staphylococcus aureus resistance antibiotics biocides efflux |
author_facet |
Isabel Couto Leonard Amaral José Melo-Cristino Miguel Viveiros Cláudia Palma Elisabete Junqueira Sofia S. Costa |
author_sort |
Isabel Couto |
title |
Resistance to Antimicrobials Mediated by Efflux Pumps in Staphylococcus aureus |
title_short |
Resistance to Antimicrobials Mediated by Efflux Pumps in Staphylococcus aureus |
title_full |
Resistance to Antimicrobials Mediated by Efflux Pumps in Staphylococcus aureus |
title_fullStr |
Resistance to Antimicrobials Mediated by Efflux Pumps in Staphylococcus aureus |
title_full_unstemmed |
Resistance to Antimicrobials Mediated by Efflux Pumps in Staphylococcus aureus |
title_sort |
resistance to antimicrobials mediated by efflux pumps in staphylococcus aureus |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Antibiotics |
issn |
2079-6382 |
publishDate |
2013-03-01 |
description |
Resistance mediated by efflux has been recognized in Staphylococcus aureus in the last few decades, although its clinical relevance has only been recognized recently. The existence of only a few studies on the individual and overall contribution of efflux to resistance phenotypes associated with the need of well-established methods to assess efflux activity in clinical isolates contributes greatly to the lack of solid knowledge of this mechanism in S. aureus. This study aims to provide information on approaches useful to the assessment and characterization of efflux activity, as well as contributing to our understanding of the role of efflux to phenotypes of antibiotic resistance and biocide tolerance in S. aureus clinical isolates. The results described show that efflux is an important contributor to fluoroquinolone resistance in S. aureus and suggest it as a major mechanism in the early stages of resistance development. We also show that efflux plays an important role on the reduced susceptibility to biocides in S. aureus, strengthening the importance of this long neglected resistance mechanism to the persistence and proliferation of antibiotic/biocide-resistant S. aureus in the hospital environment. |
topic |
Staphylococcus aureus resistance antibiotics biocides efflux |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/2/1/83 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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1716793837089718272 |