Prevalence of Inherited Hemoglobin Disorders and Relationships with Anemia and Micronutrient Status among Children in Yaoundé and Douala, Cameroon
Information on the etiology of anemia is necessary to design effective anemia control programs. Our objective was to measure the prevalence of inherited hemoglobin disorders (IHD) in a representative sample of children in urban Cameroon, and examine the relationships between IHD and anemia. In a clu...
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doaj-22b7a061f4064d4d863597bdb858cb0b2020-11-25T00:57:52ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432017-07-019769310.3390/nu9070693nu9070693Prevalence of Inherited Hemoglobin Disorders and Relationships with Anemia and Micronutrient Status among Children in Yaoundé and Douala, CameroonReina Engle-Stone0Thomas N. Williams1Martin Nankap2Alex Ndjebayi3Marie-Madeleine Gimou4Yannick Oyono5Ann Tarini6Kenneth H. Brown7Ralph Green8Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USAKEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, KenyaHelen Keller International, Cameroon, BP 14227 Yaoundé, CameroonHelen Keller International, Cameroon, BP 14227 Yaoundé, CameroonCentre Pasteur du Cameroun, BP 1274 Yaoundé, CameroonCentre Pasteur du Cameroun, BP 1274 Yaoundé, CameroonHelen Keller International, Cameroon, BP 14227 Yaoundé, CameroonDepartment of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USAInformation on the etiology of anemia is necessary to design effective anemia control programs. Our objective was to measure the prevalence of inherited hemoglobin disorders (IHD) in a representative sample of children in urban Cameroon, and examine the relationships between IHD and anemia. In a cluster survey of children 12–59 months of age (n = 291) in Yaoundé and Douala, we assessed hemoglobin (Hb), malaria infection, and plasma indicators of inflammation and micronutrient status. Hb S was detected by HPLC, and α+thalassemia (3.7 kb deletions) by PCR. Anemia (Hb < 110 g/L), inflammation, and malaria were present in 45%, 46%, and 8% of children. A total of 13.7% of children had HbAS, 1.6% had HbSS, and 30.6% and 3.1% had heterozygous and homozygous α+thalassemia. The prevalence of anemia was greater among HbAS compared to HbAA children (60.3 vs. 42.0%, p = 0.038), although mean Hb concentrations did not differ, p = 0.38). Hb and anemia prevalence did not differ among children with or without single gene deletion α+thalassemia. In multi-variable models, anemia was independently predicted by HbAS, HbSS, malaria, iron deficiency (ID; inflammation-adjusted ferritin <12 µg/L), higher C-reactive protein, lower plasma folate, and younger age. Elevated soluble transferrin receptor concentration (>8.3 mg/L) was associated with younger age, malaria, greater mean reticulocyte counts, inflammation, HbSS genotype, and ID. IHD are prevalent but contribute modestly to anemia among children in urban Cameroon.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/7/693anemiahemoglobinopathyironchildrenthalassemiasickle cell |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Reina Engle-Stone Thomas N. Williams Martin Nankap Alex Ndjebayi Marie-Madeleine Gimou Yannick Oyono Ann Tarini Kenneth H. Brown Ralph Green |
spellingShingle |
Reina Engle-Stone Thomas N. Williams Martin Nankap Alex Ndjebayi Marie-Madeleine Gimou Yannick Oyono Ann Tarini Kenneth H. Brown Ralph Green Prevalence of Inherited Hemoglobin Disorders and Relationships with Anemia and Micronutrient Status among Children in Yaoundé and Douala, Cameroon Nutrients anemia hemoglobinopathy iron children thalassemia sickle cell |
author_facet |
Reina Engle-Stone Thomas N. Williams Martin Nankap Alex Ndjebayi Marie-Madeleine Gimou Yannick Oyono Ann Tarini Kenneth H. Brown Ralph Green |
author_sort |
Reina Engle-Stone |
title |
Prevalence of Inherited Hemoglobin Disorders and Relationships with Anemia and Micronutrient Status among Children in Yaoundé and Douala, Cameroon |
title_short |
Prevalence of Inherited Hemoglobin Disorders and Relationships with Anemia and Micronutrient Status among Children in Yaoundé and Douala, Cameroon |
title_full |
Prevalence of Inherited Hemoglobin Disorders and Relationships with Anemia and Micronutrient Status among Children in Yaoundé and Douala, Cameroon |
title_fullStr |
Prevalence of Inherited Hemoglobin Disorders and Relationships with Anemia and Micronutrient Status among Children in Yaoundé and Douala, Cameroon |
title_full_unstemmed |
Prevalence of Inherited Hemoglobin Disorders and Relationships with Anemia and Micronutrient Status among Children in Yaoundé and Douala, Cameroon |
title_sort |
prevalence of inherited hemoglobin disorders and relationships with anemia and micronutrient status among children in yaoundé and douala, cameroon |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Nutrients |
issn |
2072-6643 |
publishDate |
2017-07-01 |
description |
Information on the etiology of anemia is necessary to design effective anemia control programs. Our objective was to measure the prevalence of inherited hemoglobin disorders (IHD) in a representative sample of children in urban Cameroon, and examine the relationships between IHD and anemia. In a cluster survey of children 12–59 months of age (n = 291) in Yaoundé and Douala, we assessed hemoglobin (Hb), malaria infection, and plasma indicators of inflammation and micronutrient status. Hb S was detected by HPLC, and α+thalassemia (3.7 kb deletions) by PCR. Anemia (Hb < 110 g/L), inflammation, and malaria were present in 45%, 46%, and 8% of children. A total of 13.7% of children had HbAS, 1.6% had HbSS, and 30.6% and 3.1% had heterozygous and homozygous α+thalassemia. The prevalence of anemia was greater among HbAS compared to HbAA children (60.3 vs. 42.0%, p = 0.038), although mean Hb concentrations did not differ, p = 0.38). Hb and anemia prevalence did not differ among children with or without single gene deletion α+thalassemia. In multi-variable models, anemia was independently predicted by HbAS, HbSS, malaria, iron deficiency (ID; inflammation-adjusted ferritin <12 µg/L), higher C-reactive protein, lower plasma folate, and younger age. Elevated soluble transferrin receptor concentration (>8.3 mg/L) was associated with younger age, malaria, greater mean reticulocyte counts, inflammation, HbSS genotype, and ID. IHD are prevalent but contribute modestly to anemia among children in urban Cameroon. |
topic |
anemia hemoglobinopathy iron children thalassemia sickle cell |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/7/693 |
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