Effectiveness of alveolar preservation techniques for prosthetic and impant-prosthetic rehabilitations

• Main Authors: Orlando Guerra Cobian, Clara Sánchez Silot, Luis Hernández Pedroso, Sonia Felipe Torres
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana 2018-04-01
• Series: Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas
• Online Access: http://www.revhabanera.sld.cu/index.php/rhab/article/view/1986

<p style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: #000000; font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><strong>Introduction:</strong> The preservation of the alveolar ridge reduces the bone loss which is produced after an extraction, although there is a great controversy between the role of a non-traumatic extraction and the grafting technique for width and height maintenance.<br />  </span><span style="color: #000000; font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the effectiveness of the different preservation techniques of alveolar ridge in patients with immediate dental extractions, and to identify the complications associated with this technique.<br /> </span><span style="color: #000000; font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><strong>Material and method:</strong> A comparative case-series study was conducted in 125 patients with specific inclusion criteria in the Faculty of Odontology of Havana, during the period from 2014-2016. The cases were divided at random into 5 equal groups and were subjected to 5 preservation procedures.  A clinical and image analysis was carried out before treatment, as well as at 9 months after surgery. The variables evaluated were topographic distribution, implemented technique, total alveolar width, and alveolar bone height and width. Associated complications were also identified.<br /> </span><span style="color: #000000; font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><strong>Results:</strong> Female patients (56, 8%) aged 40-45 (35, 2%) predominated in the study.  The upper incisive canal region was the most preserved (26, 4%). The use of autologous bone (mandibular branch) exhibited a better bone preservation with only 0,03±0,63mm loss in width, and 0,03±0,82 loss in height. The most reported complication was the dehiscence in three cases.<br /> </span><span style="color: #000000; font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The loss in alveolar bone height and width was lower in the cases in which grafting techniques or alloplastic materials were used than in the isolated non-traumatic extraction. The autologous bone graft of the mandibular branch exhibited the best preservation results, and there were low rates of associated complications.</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #000000; font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><strong>Keywords:</strong> alveolar preservation, autologous grafts, alloplastic grafts, alveolar atrophy, techniques, alveolar regeneration.</span></p>