Synergistic Interaction between the Entomopathogenic Fungus <i>Akanthomyces attenuatus</i> (Zare & Gams) and the Botanical Insecticide Matrine against <i>Megalurothrips usitatus</i> (Bagrall)
The excessive use of synthetic chemicals for <i>Megalurothrips usitatus</i> (Bagrall) management has resulted in the development of insecticide resistance as well as adverse effects to the natural ecosystem. This has driven the need to develop alternative pest control strategies. This st...
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doaj-239745425674446a90ae1cc705ead13e2021-07-23T13:49:08ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2021-07-01753653610.3390/jof7070536Synergistic Interaction between the Entomopathogenic Fungus <i>Akanthomyces attenuatus</i> (Zare & Gams) and the Botanical Insecticide Matrine against <i>Megalurothrips usitatus</i> (Bagrall)Jianhui Wu0Bo Yang1Xiaochen Zhang2Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson3Shaukat Ali4Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaEngineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaEngineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaIndependent Science Advisor, York YO10 5AQ, UKEngineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaThe excessive use of synthetic chemicals for <i>Megalurothrips usitatus</i> (Bagrall) management has resulted in the development of insecticide resistance as well as adverse effects to the natural ecosystem. This has driven the need to develop alternative pest control strategies. This study reports a synergistic interaction between the entomopathogenic fungus <i>Akanthomyces attenuatus</i> (Zare & Gams) and the botanical insecticide matrine against <i>M. usitatus</i>. The results revealed that the germination rate and colony growth of <i>A. attenuatus</i> were inhibited by higher matrine concentrations. Percentage mortalities of <i>M. usitatus</i> following application of <i>A. attenuatus</i> and matrine showed a dose mortality effect. After five days of treatment, all concentrations of matrine combined with different concentrations of <i>A. attenuatus</i>, except one combination (matrine 0.25 mg/mL + 1 × 10<sup>7</sup> conidia/mL), showed synergistic effect. The activities of acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase) in <i>M. usitatus,</i> in response to individual or combined application of <i>A. attenuatus</i> and matrine at the end of the experimental period, were significantly lower than controls. The findings confirm the synergistic action of <i>A. attenuatus</i> and matrine against <i>M. usitatus</i> along with the biochemical phenomenon possibly regulating the synergistic effect.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/7/536entomopathogenic fungibiopesticidesmatrine<i>Megalurothrips usitatus</i>synergistic effect |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jianhui Wu Bo Yang Xiaochen Zhang Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson Shaukat Ali |
spellingShingle |
Jianhui Wu Bo Yang Xiaochen Zhang Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson Shaukat Ali Synergistic Interaction between the Entomopathogenic Fungus <i>Akanthomyces attenuatus</i> (Zare & Gams) and the Botanical Insecticide Matrine against <i>Megalurothrips usitatus</i> (Bagrall) Journal of Fungi entomopathogenic fungi biopesticides matrine <i>Megalurothrips usitatus</i> synergistic effect |
author_facet |
Jianhui Wu Bo Yang Xiaochen Zhang Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson Shaukat Ali |
author_sort |
Jianhui Wu |
title |
Synergistic Interaction between the Entomopathogenic Fungus <i>Akanthomyces attenuatus</i> (Zare & Gams) and the Botanical Insecticide Matrine against <i>Megalurothrips usitatus</i> (Bagrall) |
title_short |
Synergistic Interaction between the Entomopathogenic Fungus <i>Akanthomyces attenuatus</i> (Zare & Gams) and the Botanical Insecticide Matrine against <i>Megalurothrips usitatus</i> (Bagrall) |
title_full |
Synergistic Interaction between the Entomopathogenic Fungus <i>Akanthomyces attenuatus</i> (Zare & Gams) and the Botanical Insecticide Matrine against <i>Megalurothrips usitatus</i> (Bagrall) |
title_fullStr |
Synergistic Interaction between the Entomopathogenic Fungus <i>Akanthomyces attenuatus</i> (Zare & Gams) and the Botanical Insecticide Matrine against <i>Megalurothrips usitatus</i> (Bagrall) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Synergistic Interaction between the Entomopathogenic Fungus <i>Akanthomyces attenuatus</i> (Zare & Gams) and the Botanical Insecticide Matrine against <i>Megalurothrips usitatus</i> (Bagrall) |
title_sort |
synergistic interaction between the entomopathogenic fungus <i>akanthomyces attenuatus</i> (zare & gams) and the botanical insecticide matrine against <i>megalurothrips usitatus</i> (bagrall) |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Journal of Fungi |
issn |
2309-608X |
publishDate |
2021-07-01 |
description |
The excessive use of synthetic chemicals for <i>Megalurothrips usitatus</i> (Bagrall) management has resulted in the development of insecticide resistance as well as adverse effects to the natural ecosystem. This has driven the need to develop alternative pest control strategies. This study reports a synergistic interaction between the entomopathogenic fungus <i>Akanthomyces attenuatus</i> (Zare & Gams) and the botanical insecticide matrine against <i>M. usitatus</i>. The results revealed that the germination rate and colony growth of <i>A. attenuatus</i> were inhibited by higher matrine concentrations. Percentage mortalities of <i>M. usitatus</i> following application of <i>A. attenuatus</i> and matrine showed a dose mortality effect. After five days of treatment, all concentrations of matrine combined with different concentrations of <i>A. attenuatus</i>, except one combination (matrine 0.25 mg/mL + 1 × 10<sup>7</sup> conidia/mL), showed synergistic effect. The activities of acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase) in <i>M. usitatus,</i> in response to individual or combined application of <i>A. attenuatus</i> and matrine at the end of the experimental period, were significantly lower than controls. The findings confirm the synergistic action of <i>A. attenuatus</i> and matrine against <i>M. usitatus</i> along with the biochemical phenomenon possibly regulating the synergistic effect. |
topic |
entomopathogenic fungi biopesticides matrine <i>Megalurothrips usitatus</i> synergistic effect |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/7/536 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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