| Summary: | The present investigation on chemical constituents of the soft coral <i>Sarcophyton cherbonnieri</i> resulted in the isolation of seven new cembranoids, cherbonolides F–L (<b>1</b>–<b>7</b>). The chemical structures of <b>1</b>–<b>7 </b>were determined by spectroscopic methods, including infrared, one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) NMR (COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY), MS experiments, and a chemical reduction of hydroperoxide by triphenylphosphine. The anti-inflammatory activities of <b>1</b>–<b>7</b> against neutrophil proinflammatory responses were evaluated by measuring their inhibitory ability toward <i>N</i>-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLF/CB)-induced superoxide anion generation and elastase release in primary human neutrophils. The results showed that all isolates exhibited moderate activities, while cherbonolide G (<b>2</b>) and cherbonolide H (<b>3</b>) displayed a more active effect than others on the inhibition of elastase release (48.2% ± 6.2%) and superoxide anion generation (44.5% ± 4.6%) at 30 µM, respectively.
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