Cytoskeleton Force Exertion in Bulk Cytoplasm
The microtubule and actin cytoskeletons generate forces essential to position centrosomes, nuclei, and spindles for division plane specification. While the largest body of work has documented force exertion at, or close to the cell surface, mounting evidence suggests that cytoskeletal polymers can a...
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doaj-241f89be07c643578119a2473295888f2020-11-25T02:11:15ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2020-02-01810.3389/fcell.2020.00069513686Cytoskeleton Force Exertion in Bulk CytoplasmJing XieNicolas MincThe microtubule and actin cytoskeletons generate forces essential to position centrosomes, nuclei, and spindles for division plane specification. While the largest body of work has documented force exertion at, or close to the cell surface, mounting evidence suggests that cytoskeletal polymers can also produce significant forces directly from within the cytoplasm. Molecular motors such as kinesin or dynein may for instance displace cargos and endomembranes in the viscous cytoplasm yielding friction forces that pull or push microtubules. Similarly, the dynamics of bulk actin assembly/disassembly or myosin-dependent contractions produce cytoplasmic forces which influence the spatial organization of cells in a variety of processes. We here review the molecular and physical mechanisms supporting bulk cytoplasmic force generation by the cytoskeleton, their limits and relevance to organelle positioning, with a particular focus on cell division.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcell.2020.00069/fullforcesmicrotubulesactincytoplasmcytoskeleton |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jing Xie Nicolas Minc |
spellingShingle |
Jing Xie Nicolas Minc Cytoskeleton Force Exertion in Bulk Cytoplasm Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology forces microtubules actin cytoplasm cytoskeleton |
author_facet |
Jing Xie Nicolas Minc |
author_sort |
Jing Xie |
title |
Cytoskeleton Force Exertion in Bulk Cytoplasm |
title_short |
Cytoskeleton Force Exertion in Bulk Cytoplasm |
title_full |
Cytoskeleton Force Exertion in Bulk Cytoplasm |
title_fullStr |
Cytoskeleton Force Exertion in Bulk Cytoplasm |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cytoskeleton Force Exertion in Bulk Cytoplasm |
title_sort |
cytoskeleton force exertion in bulk cytoplasm |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
issn |
2296-634X |
publishDate |
2020-02-01 |
description |
The microtubule and actin cytoskeletons generate forces essential to position centrosomes, nuclei, and spindles for division plane specification. While the largest body of work has documented force exertion at, or close to the cell surface, mounting evidence suggests that cytoskeletal polymers can also produce significant forces directly from within the cytoplasm. Molecular motors such as kinesin or dynein may for instance displace cargos and endomembranes in the viscous cytoplasm yielding friction forces that pull or push microtubules. Similarly, the dynamics of bulk actin assembly/disassembly or myosin-dependent contractions produce cytoplasmic forces which influence the spatial organization of cells in a variety of processes. We here review the molecular and physical mechanisms supporting bulk cytoplasmic force generation by the cytoskeleton, their limits and relevance to organelle positioning, with a particular focus on cell division. |
topic |
forces microtubules actin cytoplasm cytoskeleton |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcell.2020.00069/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT jingxie cytoskeletonforceexertioninbulkcytoplasm AT nicolasminc cytoskeletonforceexertioninbulkcytoplasm |
_version_ |
1724915333707333632 |