Feasibility Study on the Etherification of Fermentative-Produced Isobutylene to Fully Renewable Ethyl <em>Tert</em>-Butyl Ether (ETBE)
This work evaluates the direct etherification of bio-sourced isobutylene with ethanol forming fully renewable ethyl <i>tert</i>-butyl ether (ETBE). Challenge was the use of the fermentative produced substrate in a solvent-free catalysis using the acidic ion exchanger Amberlyst-15. CO<...
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2018-11-01
|
Series: | Catalysts |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/8/11/514 |
id |
doaj-2473e28a0e474d34b7aea307b5d8b2e3 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-2473e28a0e474d34b7aea307b5d8b2e32020-11-24T20:49:10ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442018-11-0181151410.3390/catal8110514catal8110514Feasibility Study on the Etherification of Fermentative-Produced Isobutylene to Fully Renewable Ethyl <em>Tert</em>-Butyl Ether (ETBE)Maik Tretbar0Thomsen Witzel1Anika Hauffe2Ulrike Junghans3Aleš Bulc4Daniela Pufky-Heinrich5Fraunhofer Center for Chemical-Biotechnological Processes CBP, Am Hauptor Bau 1251, 06237 Leuna, GermanyFraunhofer Center for Chemical-Biotechnological Processes CBP, Am Hauptor Bau 1251, 06237 Leuna, GermanyFraunhofer Center for Chemical-Biotechnological Processes CBP, Am Hauptor Bau 1251, 06237 Leuna, GermanyFraunhofer Center for Chemical-Biotechnological Processes CBP, Am Hauptor Bau 1251, 06237 Leuna, GermanyGlobal Bioenergies GmbH, Am Hauptor Bau 4310, 06237 Leuna, GermanyFraunhofer Center for Chemical-Biotechnological Processes CBP, Am Hauptor Bau 1251, 06237 Leuna, GermanyThis work evaluates the direct etherification of bio-sourced isobutylene with ethanol forming fully renewable ethyl <i>tert</i>-butyl ether (ETBE). Challenge was the use of the fermentative produced substrate in a solvent-free catalysis using the acidic ion exchanger Amberlyst-15. CO<sub>2</sub> impurities have a significant influence on the liquid phase process. The conversion at a ratio that is based on molarities of isobutylene to ethanol of 1:0.9 results in yields up to 97 mol% ETBE. Purities up to 99 wt.% could be achieved by subsequent water extraction in order to ensure qualities for technical application as high performance fuel additive.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/8/11/514ethyl <i>tert</i>-butyl ether (ETBE)biofuel additivebio-sourced isobutyleneetherificationAmberlyst-15 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Maik Tretbar Thomsen Witzel Anika Hauffe Ulrike Junghans Aleš Bulc Daniela Pufky-Heinrich |
spellingShingle |
Maik Tretbar Thomsen Witzel Anika Hauffe Ulrike Junghans Aleš Bulc Daniela Pufky-Heinrich Feasibility Study on the Etherification of Fermentative-Produced Isobutylene to Fully Renewable Ethyl <em>Tert</em>-Butyl Ether (ETBE) Catalysts ethyl <i>tert</i>-butyl ether (ETBE) biofuel additive bio-sourced isobutylene etherification Amberlyst-15 |
author_facet |
Maik Tretbar Thomsen Witzel Anika Hauffe Ulrike Junghans Aleš Bulc Daniela Pufky-Heinrich |
author_sort |
Maik Tretbar |
title |
Feasibility Study on the Etherification of Fermentative-Produced Isobutylene to Fully Renewable Ethyl <em>Tert</em>-Butyl Ether (ETBE) |
title_short |
Feasibility Study on the Etherification of Fermentative-Produced Isobutylene to Fully Renewable Ethyl <em>Tert</em>-Butyl Ether (ETBE) |
title_full |
Feasibility Study on the Etherification of Fermentative-Produced Isobutylene to Fully Renewable Ethyl <em>Tert</em>-Butyl Ether (ETBE) |
title_fullStr |
Feasibility Study on the Etherification of Fermentative-Produced Isobutylene to Fully Renewable Ethyl <em>Tert</em>-Butyl Ether (ETBE) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Feasibility Study on the Etherification of Fermentative-Produced Isobutylene to Fully Renewable Ethyl <em>Tert</em>-Butyl Ether (ETBE) |
title_sort |
feasibility study on the etherification of fermentative-produced isobutylene to fully renewable ethyl <em>tert</em>-butyl ether (etbe) |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Catalysts |
issn |
2073-4344 |
publishDate |
2018-11-01 |
description |
This work evaluates the direct etherification of bio-sourced isobutylene with ethanol forming fully renewable ethyl <i>tert</i>-butyl ether (ETBE). Challenge was the use of the fermentative produced substrate in a solvent-free catalysis using the acidic ion exchanger Amberlyst-15. CO<sub>2</sub> impurities have a significant influence on the liquid phase process. The conversion at a ratio that is based on molarities of isobutylene to ethanol of 1:0.9 results in yields up to 97 mol% ETBE. Purities up to 99 wt.% could be achieved by subsequent water extraction in order to ensure qualities for technical application as high performance fuel additive. |
topic |
ethyl <i>tert</i>-butyl ether (ETBE) biofuel additive bio-sourced isobutylene etherification Amberlyst-15 |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/8/11/514 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT maiktretbar feasibilitystudyontheetherificationoffermentativeproducedisobutylenetofullyrenewableethylemtertembutyletheretbe AT thomsenwitzel feasibilitystudyontheetherificationoffermentativeproducedisobutylenetofullyrenewableethylemtertembutyletheretbe AT anikahauffe feasibilitystudyontheetherificationoffermentativeproducedisobutylenetofullyrenewableethylemtertembutyletheretbe AT ulrikejunghans feasibilitystudyontheetherificationoffermentativeproducedisobutylenetofullyrenewableethylemtertembutyletheretbe AT alesbulc feasibilitystudyontheetherificationoffermentativeproducedisobutylenetofullyrenewableethylemtertembutyletheretbe AT danielapufkyheinrich feasibilitystudyontheetherificationoffermentativeproducedisobutylenetofullyrenewableethylemtertembutyletheretbe |
_version_ |
1716806577845960704 |