Effect of stand density on longitudinal variation of wood and bark growth in fast-growing Eucalyptus plantations
The influence of tree spacing on the wood/bark ratio is unknown in young fast-growing Eucalyptus trees. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of plant spacing on the wood and bark production along the Eucalyptus stem. Four genetic materials were planted in four spacings: 3×1 m, 3×2...
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology (SISEF)
2019-12-01
|
Series: | iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://iforest.sisef.org/contents/?id=ifor3082-012 |
id |
doaj-24f31b90e5eb4f8da17a8895a5a254ac |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-24f31b90e5eb4f8da17a8895a5a254ac2020-11-25T01:20:06ZengItalian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology (SISEF)iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry1971-74581971-74582019-12-0112152753210.3832/ifor3082-0123082Effect of stand density on longitudinal variation of wood and bark growth in fast-growing Eucalyptus plantationsRamalho FMG0Pimenta EM1Goulart CP2De Almeida MNF3Vidaurre GB4Hein PRG5Federal University of Lavras, Department of Forest Science, Lavras, CP37, 37200-000 (Brazil)Federal University of Lavras, Department of Forest Science, Lavras, CP37, 37200-000 (Brazil)Federal University of Lavras, Department of Forest Science, Lavras, CP37, 37200-000 (Brazil)Federal University of Espírito Santo, Department of Forest Science, Jerônimo Monteiro, 29550-000 (Brazil)Federal University of Espírito Santo, Department of Forest Science, Jerônimo Monteiro, 29550-000 (Brazil)Federal University of Lavras, Department of Forest Science, Lavras, CP37, 37200-000 (Brazil)The influence of tree spacing on the wood/bark ratio is unknown in young fast-growing Eucalyptus trees. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of plant spacing on the wood and bark production along the Eucalyptus stem. Four genetic materials were planted in four spacings: 3×1 m, 3×2 m, 3×3 m and 3×4 m. Three 5-year-old trees from each clone and in each plant spacing were harvested. Cross-sectional discs (thickness: 30 mm) were cut from each tree along the stem (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the total tree height) and at 1.3 m above ground, totaling 288 disks (4 spacings × 4 clones × 3 replicates × 6 axial positions). The wood thickness was measured at six random and equidistant points around the perimeter using a gauge and means were calculated from each disc. Six cross diameters were measured for each debarked disc. After obtaining the averaged bark thickness and wood diameter, the bark content was calculated as the ratio between the surface area occupied by the bark and the total area of the stem in each level. In the narrowed plant spacing (3×1), the trees had a mean diameter of 7.4 cm, while at the spacing 3×4 the diameter of the trees was 91% higher (14.11 cm) at breast height. The increase in plant spacing from 3 to 12 m2 per tree resulted in an increase in bark thickness (56.7%) from 1.94 mm to 3.04 mm, but caused a reduction of bark content (16%) from 9.66% to 8.11%. Our findings show that trees grown under wider spacing tend to produce thicker bark. The bark thickness and the effect of plant spacing on the bark thickness decreased in the base-top direction. The correlation between bark thickness and wood diameter increases from 0.682 to 0.825 with the increase of spacing between trees. In contrast, the bark thickness to bark content correlation decrease from 0.735 to 0.15 with increased plant spacing. The stand density significantly affected the variation of the stem diameter, bark thickness and bark content of Eucalyptus plantations.https://iforest.sisef.org/contents/?id=ifor3082-012stand densitytimberbarksilvicultural treatmentforest productivity |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ramalho FMG Pimenta EM Goulart CP De Almeida MNF Vidaurre GB Hein PRG |
spellingShingle |
Ramalho FMG Pimenta EM Goulart CP De Almeida MNF Vidaurre GB Hein PRG Effect of stand density on longitudinal variation of wood and bark growth in fast-growing Eucalyptus plantations iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry stand density timber bark silvicultural treatment forest productivity |
author_facet |
Ramalho FMG Pimenta EM Goulart CP De Almeida MNF Vidaurre GB Hein PRG |
author_sort |
Ramalho FMG |
title |
Effect of stand density on longitudinal variation of wood and bark growth in fast-growing Eucalyptus plantations |
title_short |
Effect of stand density on longitudinal variation of wood and bark growth in fast-growing Eucalyptus plantations |
title_full |
Effect of stand density on longitudinal variation of wood and bark growth in fast-growing Eucalyptus plantations |
title_fullStr |
Effect of stand density on longitudinal variation of wood and bark growth in fast-growing Eucalyptus plantations |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effect of stand density on longitudinal variation of wood and bark growth in fast-growing Eucalyptus plantations |
title_sort |
effect of stand density on longitudinal variation of wood and bark growth in fast-growing eucalyptus plantations |
publisher |
Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology (SISEF) |
series |
iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry |
issn |
1971-7458 1971-7458 |
publishDate |
2019-12-01 |
description |
The influence of tree spacing on the wood/bark ratio is unknown in young fast-growing Eucalyptus trees. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of plant spacing on the wood and bark production along the Eucalyptus stem. Four genetic materials were planted in four spacings: 3×1 m, 3×2 m, 3×3 m and 3×4 m. Three 5-year-old trees from each clone and in each plant spacing were harvested. Cross-sectional discs (thickness: 30 mm) were cut from each tree along the stem (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the total tree height) and at 1.3 m above ground, totaling 288 disks (4 spacings × 4 clones × 3 replicates × 6 axial positions). The wood thickness was measured at six random and equidistant points around the perimeter using a gauge and means were calculated from each disc. Six cross diameters were measured for each debarked disc. After obtaining the averaged bark thickness and wood diameter, the bark content was calculated as the ratio between the surface area occupied by the bark and the total area of the stem in each level. In the narrowed plant spacing (3×1), the trees had a mean diameter of 7.4 cm, while at the spacing 3×4 the diameter of the trees was 91% higher (14.11 cm) at breast height. The increase in plant spacing from 3 to 12 m2 per tree resulted in an increase in bark thickness (56.7%) from 1.94 mm to 3.04 mm, but caused a reduction of bark content (16%) from 9.66% to 8.11%. Our findings show that trees grown under wider spacing tend to produce thicker bark. The bark thickness and the effect of plant spacing on the bark thickness decreased in the base-top direction. The correlation between bark thickness and wood diameter increases from 0.682 to 0.825 with the increase of spacing between trees. In contrast, the bark thickness to bark content correlation decrease from 0.735 to 0.15 with increased plant spacing. The stand density significantly affected the variation of the stem diameter, bark thickness and bark content of Eucalyptus plantations. |
topic |
stand density timber bark silvicultural treatment forest productivity |
url |
https://iforest.sisef.org/contents/?id=ifor3082-012 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT ramalhofmg effectofstanddensityonlongitudinalvariationofwoodandbarkgrowthinfastgrowingeucalyptusplantations AT pimentaem effectofstanddensityonlongitudinalvariationofwoodandbarkgrowthinfastgrowingeucalyptusplantations AT goulartcp effectofstanddensityonlongitudinalvariationofwoodandbarkgrowthinfastgrowingeucalyptusplantations AT dealmeidamnf effectofstanddensityonlongitudinalvariationofwoodandbarkgrowthinfastgrowingeucalyptusplantations AT vidaurregb effectofstanddensityonlongitudinalvariationofwoodandbarkgrowthinfastgrowingeucalyptusplantations AT heinprg effectofstanddensityonlongitudinalvariationofwoodandbarkgrowthinfastgrowingeucalyptusplantations |
_version_ |
1725135588994056192 |