Reversing functional extinction of mammals prompts a rethink of paradigms about seed fate in arid Australia
Functional extinction of once abundant species has frequently preceded understanding of their ecological roles. Consequently, our understanding of ecosystems is prone to shifting baselines because it often relies on observations made on depauperate species assemblages. In Australian deserts, current...
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doaj-251ab9a095cd41358c55ae8d94c6129d2020-11-25T03:09:37ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032018-01-015110.1098/rsos.171977171977Reversing functional extinction of mammals prompts a rethink of paradigms about seed fate in arid AustraliaCharlotte H. MillsMike LetnicFunctional extinction of once abundant species has frequently preceded understanding of their ecological roles. Consequently, our understanding of ecosystems is prone to shifting baselines because it often relies on observations made on depauperate species assemblages. In Australian deserts, current paradigms are that ants are the dominant granivores, mammals are unimportant seed predators and that myrmecochory in many Australian shrubs is an adaptation to increase dispersal distance and direct seeds to favourable germination sites. Here, we ask whether these paradigms could be artefacts of mammal extinction. We take advantage of a predator-proof reserve within which locally extinct native mammals have been reintroduced to compare seed removal by ants and mammals. Using foraging trays that selectively excluded mammals and ants we show that a reintroduced mammal, the woylie (Bettongia penicillata) was at least as important as ants in the removal of seeds of two shrub species (Dodonaea viscosa and Acacia ligulata). Our results provide evidence that the dominance of ants as granivores and current understanding of the adaptive benefit of myrmecochory in arid Australia may be artefacts of the functional extinction of mammals. Our study shows how reversing functional extinction can provide the opportunity to rethink contemporary understanding of ecological processes.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.171977acacia ligulatabettongia penicillatadodonaea viscosagranivorymyrmecochoryseed predation |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Charlotte H. Mills Mike Letnic |
spellingShingle |
Charlotte H. Mills Mike Letnic Reversing functional extinction of mammals prompts a rethink of paradigms about seed fate in arid Australia Royal Society Open Science acacia ligulata bettongia penicillata dodonaea viscosa granivory myrmecochory seed predation |
author_facet |
Charlotte H. Mills Mike Letnic |
author_sort |
Charlotte H. Mills |
title |
Reversing functional extinction of mammals prompts a rethink of paradigms about seed fate in arid Australia |
title_short |
Reversing functional extinction of mammals prompts a rethink of paradigms about seed fate in arid Australia |
title_full |
Reversing functional extinction of mammals prompts a rethink of paradigms about seed fate in arid Australia |
title_fullStr |
Reversing functional extinction of mammals prompts a rethink of paradigms about seed fate in arid Australia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Reversing functional extinction of mammals prompts a rethink of paradigms about seed fate in arid Australia |
title_sort |
reversing functional extinction of mammals prompts a rethink of paradigms about seed fate in arid australia |
publisher |
The Royal Society |
series |
Royal Society Open Science |
issn |
2054-5703 |
publishDate |
2018-01-01 |
description |
Functional extinction of once abundant species has frequently preceded understanding of their ecological roles. Consequently, our understanding of ecosystems is prone to shifting baselines because it often relies on observations made on depauperate species assemblages. In Australian deserts, current paradigms are that ants are the dominant granivores, mammals are unimportant seed predators and that myrmecochory in many Australian shrubs is an adaptation to increase dispersal distance and direct seeds to favourable germination sites. Here, we ask whether these paradigms could be artefacts of mammal extinction. We take advantage of a predator-proof reserve within which locally extinct native mammals have been reintroduced to compare seed removal by ants and mammals. Using foraging trays that selectively excluded mammals and ants we show that a reintroduced mammal, the woylie (Bettongia penicillata) was at least as important as ants in the removal of seeds of two shrub species (Dodonaea viscosa and Acacia ligulata). Our results provide evidence that the dominance of ants as granivores and current understanding of the adaptive benefit of myrmecochory in arid Australia may be artefacts of the functional extinction of mammals. Our study shows how reversing functional extinction can provide the opportunity to rethink contemporary understanding of ecological processes. |
topic |
acacia ligulata bettongia penicillata dodonaea viscosa granivory myrmecochory seed predation |
url |
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.171977 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT charlottehmills reversingfunctionalextinctionofmammalspromptsarethinkofparadigmsaboutseedfateinaridaustralia AT mikeletnic reversingfunctionalextinctionofmammalspromptsarethinkofparadigmsaboutseedfateinaridaustralia |
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