NSCLC Biomarkers to Predict Response to Immunotherapy with Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI): From the Cells to In Vivo Images
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death, and it is usually diagnosed in advanced stages (stage III or IV). Recently, the availability of targeted strategies and of immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has favorably changed patient prognosis. Treatment outcome is close...
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doaj-2532e9425fd94b098c4ef6db433e6a722021-09-25T23:49:16ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942021-09-01134543454310.3390/cancers13184543NSCLC Biomarkers to Predict Response to Immunotherapy with Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI): From the Cells to In Vivo ImagesVirginia Liberini0Annapaola Mariniello1Luisella Righi2Martina Capozza3Marco Donatello Delcuratolo4Enzo Terreno5Mohsen Farsad6Marco Volante7Silvia Novello8Désirée Deandreis9Department of Medical Science, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, ItalyThoracic Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, ItalyPathology Unit, Department of Oncology, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, ItalyMolecular & Preclinical Imaging Centers, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, ItalyThoracic Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, ItalyMolecular & Preclinical Imaging Centers, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, ItalyNuclear Medicine, Central Hospital Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, ItalyPathology Unit, Department of Oncology, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, ItalyThoracic Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, ItalyDepartment of Medical Science, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, ItalyLung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death, and it is usually diagnosed in advanced stages (stage III or IV). Recently, the availability of targeted strategies and of immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has favorably changed patient prognosis. Treatment outcome is closely related to tumor biology and interaction with the tumor immune microenvironment (TME). While the response in molecular targeted therapies relies on the presence of specific genetic alterations in tumor cells, accurate ICI biomarkers of response are lacking, and clinical outcome likely depends on multiple factors that are both host and tumor-related. This paper is an overview of the ongoing research on predictive factors both from in vitro/ex vivo analysis (ranging from conventional pathology to molecular biology) and in vivo analysis, where molecular imaging is showing an exponential growth and use due to technological advancements and to the new bioinformatics approaches applied to image analyses that allow the recovery of specific features in specific tumor subclones.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/18/4543immune checkpoint inhibitorsnon-small cell lung carcinomaPD-1PD-L1immune PETimmunotherapy |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Virginia Liberini Annapaola Mariniello Luisella Righi Martina Capozza Marco Donatello Delcuratolo Enzo Terreno Mohsen Farsad Marco Volante Silvia Novello Désirée Deandreis |
spellingShingle |
Virginia Liberini Annapaola Mariniello Luisella Righi Martina Capozza Marco Donatello Delcuratolo Enzo Terreno Mohsen Farsad Marco Volante Silvia Novello Désirée Deandreis NSCLC Biomarkers to Predict Response to Immunotherapy with Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI): From the Cells to In Vivo Images Cancers immune checkpoint inhibitors non-small cell lung carcinoma PD-1 PD-L1 immune PET immunotherapy |
author_facet |
Virginia Liberini Annapaola Mariniello Luisella Righi Martina Capozza Marco Donatello Delcuratolo Enzo Terreno Mohsen Farsad Marco Volante Silvia Novello Désirée Deandreis |
author_sort |
Virginia Liberini |
title |
NSCLC Biomarkers to Predict Response to Immunotherapy with Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI): From the Cells to In Vivo Images |
title_short |
NSCLC Biomarkers to Predict Response to Immunotherapy with Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI): From the Cells to In Vivo Images |
title_full |
NSCLC Biomarkers to Predict Response to Immunotherapy with Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI): From the Cells to In Vivo Images |
title_fullStr |
NSCLC Biomarkers to Predict Response to Immunotherapy with Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI): From the Cells to In Vivo Images |
title_full_unstemmed |
NSCLC Biomarkers to Predict Response to Immunotherapy with Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI): From the Cells to In Vivo Images |
title_sort |
nsclc biomarkers to predict response to immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors (ici): from the cells to in vivo images |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Cancers |
issn |
2072-6694 |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death, and it is usually diagnosed in advanced stages (stage III or IV). Recently, the availability of targeted strategies and of immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has favorably changed patient prognosis. Treatment outcome is closely related to tumor biology and interaction with the tumor immune microenvironment (TME). While the response in molecular targeted therapies relies on the presence of specific genetic alterations in tumor cells, accurate ICI biomarkers of response are lacking, and clinical outcome likely depends on multiple factors that are both host and tumor-related. This paper is an overview of the ongoing research on predictive factors both from in vitro/ex vivo analysis (ranging from conventional pathology to molecular biology) and in vivo analysis, where molecular imaging is showing an exponential growth and use due to technological advancements and to the new bioinformatics approaches applied to image analyses that allow the recovery of specific features in specific tumor subclones. |
topic |
immune checkpoint inhibitors non-small cell lung carcinoma PD-1 PD-L1 immune PET immunotherapy |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/18/4543 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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